Judul: An Introduction to Criminological Theory Third Edition
Oleh: Roger Hopkins Burke
Penerbit: Willan Publishing, UK
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman: 425 hal.
An Introduction to Criminological Theory Third Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2009 oleh Willan Publishing, UK adalah buku edisi ketiga.
Penulis:
Roger Hopkins Burke adalah Kriminologi Subjek Leader, Divisi Kriminologi, Kesehatan Masyarakat
dan Kebijakan, Nottingham Trent University. kepentingan penelitian saat ini adalah perkembangan teori kriminologi dan orang-orang muda dan kejahatan. publikasi terbaru termasuk Muda, Kejahatan dan Keadilan (Willan Publishing, 2008).
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini mengemukakan tentang cara-cara yang berbeda di mana kejahatan dan perilaku kriminal
telah dijelaskan di zaman modern. Dalam buku ini akan terlihat penjelasan yang berbeda - atau teori - yang telah diajukan berkali-kali selama 200 tahun terakhir antara lain hukum filsuf, ahli biologi,
psikolog, sosiolog dan ilmuwan politik. Selain itu, teori-teori ini – di khususnya sebagai varian sebelumnya - cenderung mencerminkan berbagai keprihatinan dan kepentingan profesional dari disiplin dimana teori, ahli biologi mengemukakan penjelasan untuk kriminalitas dalam hal dipandang dari ilmu fisiologi pidana individu, sementara psikolog mengarahkan kami memperhatikan pikiran atau kepribadian orang tersebut. Semakin, penjelasan pada kemudian hari memasukkan unsur-unsur dari lebih dari satu disiplin. Dengan demikian, untuk sebagai contoh, beberapa ahli biologi datang untuk mengakui bahwa individu dengan yang sama profil fisiologis akan berperilaku berbeda tergantung pada keadaan sosialisasi mereka.
Sebagian besar teori yang dibahas dalam buku ini tetap berbagi satu kesamaan ciri. Mereka adalah semua produk dari periode waktu - sekitar masa lalu dua abad - dan cara hidup yang telah datang untuk disebut modern. Dengan demikian ini penjelasan yang berbeda dari kejahatan dan perilaku kriminal yang sangat banyak refleksi dari ide-ide dominan yang telah ada selama era ini. Oleh karena itu titik awal yang berguna untuk mempertimbangkan secara singkat bagaimana kejahatan dan perilaku kriminal dijelaskan dan dibahas dalam periode pra-modern.
Daftar Isi:
Acknowledgements xi
1 Introduction: crime and modernity 1
Pre-modern crime and criminal justice 1
The rise of modern society 3
Defining and the extent of crime 5
The structure of the book 7
Suggested further reading 20
Part One: The rational actor model of crime and criminal behaviour 21
2 Classical criminology 27
The Classical theorists 27
The limitations of Classicism 31
The neo-Classical compromise 31
The enduring influence of Classicism 33
Suggested further reading 35
3 Populist conservative criminology 36
The rise of the political new right 36
James Q. Wilson and ‘right realism’ 37
Right realism and social control 41
A critique of right realism 42
Suggested further reading 44
4 Contemporary rational actor theories 46
Contemporary deterrence theories 46
Rational choice theory 49
Routine activities theory 53
The rational actor reconsidered 56
Suggested further reading 59
Part Two: The predestined actor model of crime and criminal behaviour 61
5 Biological positivism 65
Early biological theories 65
Inherited criminal characteristics 68
Genetic structure 72
Criminal body types 73
Psychoses and brain injuries 75
Autistic spectrum disorders 77
Biochemical theories 80
Altered biological state theories 82
Treating the offender 87
Conclusions 88
Suggested further reading 90
6 Psychological positivism 92
Psychodynamic theories 92
Behavioural learning theories 97
Cognitive learning theories 103
Conclusions 108
Suggested further reading 108
7 Sociological positivism 110
Emile Durkheim and social disorganisation theory 110
The Chicago school 116
Robert Merton and anomie theory 119
Deviant subculture theories 126
Conclusions 141
Suggested further reading 141
8 Women and positivism 143
Biological positivism and women 143
Psychological positivism and women 146
Sociological positivism and women 152
Conclusions 157
Suggested further reading 157
Part Three: The victimised actor model of crime and criminal behaviour 159
9 Labelling theories 167
The social construction of crime 167
The recipients of deviant labels 170
The consequences of labelling for the recipients 171
Moral panics and deviance amplification 173
Criticisms of labelling theories 175
Labelling theories revisited 176
Suggested further reading 179
10 Conflict and radical theories 180
Conflict theories 180
Criticisms of conflict theories 183
Radical theories 184
Criticisms of radical theories 188
Suggested further reading 190
11 The gendered criminal 191
Perspectives in feminist theory 192
The feminist critique of early explanations of female criminality 195
The impact of feminist critiques 197
Feminism and prostitution 200
Is there a feminist criminology? 202
Crime and masculinities 203
Suggested further reading 205
12 Critical criminology 206
The origins of critical criminology 206
Crimes of the powerful 208
Crimes of the less powerful 210
Critical criminology or ‘left idealism’ 211
Critical criminology and the challenge of zemiology 212
Critical criminology revisited 215
Suggested further reading 216
Part Four: Integrated theories of crime and criminal behaviour 219
13 Socio-biological theories 223
Biosocial theory 223
Biosocial theory and the ‘new right’ 225
Sociobiological theories of rape 226
Recent sociobiological explanations of childhood delinquency 228
Conclusions 229
Suggested further reading 230
14 Environmental theories 231
Early environmental theories 231
British environmental theories 232
North American environmental theories 233
Environmental design 238
Environmental management 242
Suggested further reading 243
15 Social control theories 245
The origins of social control theories 245
Early social control theories 247
Later social control theories 249
Integrated theoretical perspectives 251
A general theory of crime 254
Developments in social control theories 256
Conclusions 260
Suggested further reading 261
16 Left realism 262
The origins of left realism 262
A balance of intervention 266
Left realism and ‘New’ Labour 269
Social exclusion and the ‘underclass’: a case study 270
‘New’ Labour criminal justice policy revisited 272
Left realist theory revisited 275
Suggested further reading 277
Part Five: Crime and criminal behaviour in the age of moral uncertainty 279
17 Crime and the postmodern condition 287
Constitutive criminology and postmodernity 289
Anarchist criminology 293
Suggested further reading 298
18 Cultural criminology and the schizophrenia of crime 299
The focus of cultural criminology 299
The seductions of crime 302
The carnival of crime 304
The schizophrenia of crime 304
Crime as normal and non pathological 305
One planet under a groove 307
Suggested further reading 311
19 Crime, globalisation and the risk society 312
New modes of governance 312
Crime and the risk society 313
Globalisation and crime 317
Terrorism and state violence 321
Terrorism and postmodernism revisited 327
Suggested further reading 328
20 Conclusions: radical moral communitarian criminology 329
The communitarian agenda 333
Radical egalitarian communitarianism 336
The concept of community reconsidered 338
Radical moral communitarian criminology 340
Suggested further reading 341
Glossary of terms 343
References 351
Index 394
Berminat?
Email: zanetapm@gmail.com
0 comments:
Post a Comment