The Irony of Democracy An Uncommon Introduction to American Politics Fourteenth Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2009 Oleh Wadsworth Cengage Learning adalah buku edisi Empat belas.
Judul: The Irony of Democracy An Uncommon Introduction to American Politics Fourteenth Edition
Oleh: Thomas R. Dye, et al
Penerbit: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman: 449 hal.
Penulis:
Stephen L. Slavin
Union County College
Cranford, New Jersey
The New School University
New York City
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini terdiri atas 19 Bab meliputi: 1) Sejarah Singkat Ekonomi Amerika Serikat, 2) Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya, 3) Mixed Economy, 4) Pasokan dan Permintaan, 5) Sektor Konsumsi Rumah Tangga,
6) Sektor Investasi Bisnis, 7 Sektor Pemerintah, 8) Sektor Ekspor-Impor, 9) Produk Domestik Bruto,
10) Fluktuasi Ekonomi, Pengangguran, dan Inflasi, 11) Ekonomi Klasik dan Ekonomi Keynesian,
12) Kebijakan Fiskal dan National Debt, 13) Uang dan Perbankan, 14) Federal Reserve dan Kebijakan Moneter, 15) A Century of Teori Ekonomii, 16) Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Produktivitas,
17) Distribusi Pendapatan dan Kemiskinan, 18) Perdagangan Internasional, dan 19) International Finance.
Daftar Isi:
TO THE STUDENT xix
TO THE INSTRUCTOR xxi
CHAPTER 1 The Irony of Democracy 1
The Meaning of Elitism 1
The Meaning of Democracy 4
Elitism in a Democracy 5
FOCUS: MASS DISTRUST OF AMERICA’S ELITE 7
The Meaning of Pluralism 9
How Elitism and Pluralism Differ 10
Elite and Mass Threats to Democracy 13
FOCUS: MASS VIEWS OF ELITE GOVERNANCE 14
An Elitist Theory of Democracy 15
FOCUS: TERRORISM’S THREAT TO DEMOCRACY 16
Selected Readings 17
Notes 18
CHAPTER 2 The Founding Fathers: The Nation’s First Elite 19
Elites and Masses in the New Nation 19
Elite Preferences: Inspiration for a New Constitution 20
Formation of a National Elite 24
Elite Consensus in 1787 28
An Elite in Operation: Conciliation and Compromise 29
The Constitution as Elitist Document 33
Elitism and the Structure of the National Government 38
FOCUS: JAMES MADISON: SUPPRESSING MAJORITY ‘‘FACTIONS’’ 43
Ratification: An Exercise in Elite Political Skills 44
The Constitution: An Elitist Interpretation 46
Selected Readings 47
Notes 47
CHAPTER 3 The Evolution of American Elites 49
Hamilton and the Nation’s First Public Policies 50
FOCUS: MASS IGNORANCE OF AMERICAN POLITICAL HISTORY 50
Rise of the Jeffersonians 52
Republicans in Power: The Stability of Public Policy 53
Rise of the Western Elites 54
Elite Cleavage: The Civil War 55
Rise of the New Industrial Elite 58
Liberal Establishment: Reform as Elite Self-Interest 60
Vietnam: Elite Failure to Lead 64
The Gulf War: Elite Leadership Restored 67
American Political History: An Elitist
Interpretation 69
Selected Readings 70
Notes 71
CHAPTER 4 Elites in America 73
The Concentration of Corporate Power 74
The Global Elites 76
FOCUS: CORPORATE MERGER MANIA 77
Corporate Elites 82
Government Elites 85
Elite Policy-Making Institutions 87
FOCUS: ELITE ATTITUDES TOWARD MASS GOVERNANCE 88
FOCUS: GREED IN THE BOARDROOM 90
Power in America: An Elitist Interpretation 91
FOCUS: THE ELITE THINK TANKS 92
Selected Readings 93
Notes 94
CHAPTER 5 Masses in America 95
Elite Gains, Mass Losses 96
Inequality in America 102
Mass Disaffection from Politics 103
Antidemocratic Attitudes among the Masses 106
Are the Masses becoming more Democratic? 109
Mass Political Ignorance 110
FOCUS: MASS CONFIDENCE IN AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS 111
Mass Political Apathy 113
Elite Repression 117
Mass Conditions: An Elitist Interpretation 119
Selected Readings 120
Notes 121
CHAPTER 6 Elite–Mass Communication 123
The News Makers 123
The Media’s Political Functions 125
Bashing America for Fun and Profit 128
Liberal Bias in Television News 130
FOCUS: THE HOLLYWOOD LIBERALS 131
Bias and Slander: Freedoms of the Press 131
FOCUS: CRACKS IN THE MEDIA ELITE? 135
Politics and the Internet 135
Media Campaigns 138
Media Coverage of Presidential Elections 140
Assessing Media Impact 142
The Media: An Elitist Interpretation 144
Selected Readings 145
Notes 146
CHAPTER 7 Political Parties and Ideologies 147
The Responsible Party Model in Disarray 147
Democratic and Republican Parties: What’s the Difference? 149
Liberal and Conservative Labels 151
Declining Mass Attachments to Parties 153
FOCUS: ARE YOU A LIBERAL OR A CONSERVATIVE? 154
Realignment or Dealignment? 154
FOCUS: IDEOLOGICAL BATTLEFIELDS 155
FOCUS: MASS PERCEPTIONS OF THE PARTIES 157
Presidential Primaries and the Deterioration of Parties 158
FOCUS: THE DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES, 2004 160
Political Parties as Oligarchies 161
FOCUS: WHERE THE PARTIES GET THEIR MONEY 163
Independent and Third-Party Politics 163
Why Third Parties Fail 165
Parties and Ideologies: An Elitist Interpretation 167
Selected Readings 168
Notes 168
CHAPTER 8 Elections, Money, and the Myths of Democracy 169
The Myth of the Policy Mandate 169
The Myth of the Policy-Oriented Voter 170
Party Voting 171
The Group Basis of Voting 172
The Economic Basis of Voting 174
Candidate Image Voting 175
FOCUS: IMAGES OF BUSH AND KERRY, 2004 176
Money Drives Elections 176
FOCUS: DIRTY POLITICS 178
FOCUS: HOW FAT CATS EVADE CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM 185
Democracy versus the Electoral College 185
FOCUS: OFF AND RUNNING, 2008 188
Staying Home on Election Day 188
Elections as Symbolic Reassurance 190
Elections: An Elitist Interpretation 193
Selected Readings 194
Notes 195
CHAPTER 9 Organized Interests: Not ‘‘the People’’ 197
Interest Groups: Democratic or Elitist? 197
The Business, Professional, and Class Bias of Interest Groups 198
FOCUS: SUPER LOBBY: THE BUSINESS ROUNDTABLE 200
How Well Do Groups Represent Members? 202
FOCUS: LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS—THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF RETIRED
PERSONS 204
Lobbying: How Organized Interests Influence Government 205
FOCUS: LAWYERS, LOBBYISTS, AND INFLUENCE PEDDLERS 207
PAC Power 210
Conservative Influence of Organizations 211
FOCUS: EMILY’S LIST 212
FOCUS: PAYBACK: MONEY AND PRESCRIPTION DRUGS 214
Interest Groups: An Elitist Interpretation 214
Selected Readings 215
Notes 216
CHAPTER 10 The Presidency 217
The President as Symbolic Leader 217
The Presidency and the Masses 220
The President’s Formal Powers 221
FOCUS: RATING PRESIDENTS 222
Commander-in-Chief 225
Intelligence and the Presidency 228
The President and Congress 230
FOCUS: SEX, LIES, AND IMPEACHMENT 233
Presidential Executive Power 234
FOCUS: PRESIDENTIAL POWER OVER DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE 236
George W., in his Father’s Footsteps 236
FOCUS: WATERGATE AND THE LIMITS OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER 237
The Presidency: An Elitist Interpretation 241
Selected Readings 242
Notes 243
CHAPTER 11 The Bureaucratic Elite 245
Sources of Bureaucratic Power 246
Organization of the Washington Bureaucracy 247
FOCUS: MASS ATTITUDES TOWARD WASHINGTON BUREAUCRACIES 248
Presidential Control of the Bureaucracy 250
FOCUS: KATRINA: BUREAUCRATIC FAILURE 252
FOCUS: BUREAUCRATIC MANEUVERS 253
The Budget Maze 254
Tax Politics 260
FOCUS: THE CAPITAL GAINS TAX SCAM 263
Bureaucratic Power, Iron Triangles, and Revolving Doors 263
The Regulatory Quagmire 266
FOCUS: THE FED: MONEY IS TOO IMPORTANT TO BE LEFT TO ELECTED OFFICIALS 268
Controlling the Bureaucracy: Congress and the Courts 271
The Bureaucracy: An Elitist Interpretation 272
Selected Readings 273
Notes 274
CHAPTER 12 Congress: The Legislative Elite 275
The Elite Bias of Congressional Recruitment 275
Whom Does Congress Really Represent? 282
Congress in Disrepute 284
The Elaborate Procedures of Legislative Elites 288
Elites within Elites: The Congressional Establishment 295
Polarization on Capitol Hill 298
Congress and the President: An Unstable Balance of Power 301
FOCUS: SENATOR HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON 302
FOCUS: CONGRESSIONAL ETHICS: AN OXYMORON? 303
Congress: An Elitist Interpretation 305
Selected Readings 306
Notes 307
CHAPTER 13 Courts: Elites in Black Robes 309
Judicial Review as an Elitist Principle 310
The Making of a Supreme Court Justice 311
FOCUS: SENATE CONFIRMATION AS SLEAZY SPECTACLE 313
The Structure of the Federal Court System 315
The Jurisdiction of the Federal Court System 316
Judicial Power: Activism versus Self-Restraint 317
FOCUS: ‘‘MAKE IT A FEDERAL CRIME!’’ 318
FOCUS: THE SUPREME COURT CHOOSES A PRESIDENT 321
Supreme Court Politics 321
Do the Courts Rule the Nation? 323
FOCUS: THE SUPREME COURT AND ABORTION 324
The Courts: An Elitist Interpretation 326
Selected Readings 327
Notes 328
CHAPTER 14 American Federalism: Elites in States and Communities 329
Federalism: The Original Division of Power between Nation and States 329
Power Flows to the National Elite 332
Money and Power 334
The Evolution of American Federalism 334
Devolution: Federalism Revived? 338
Mass Influence in the States 339
FOCUS: ARNOLD: FROM BODYBUILDER TO SUPERSTAR TO GOVERNOR 342
The Old-Community Economic Elites 342
FOCUS: CORPORATE ELITE STRUCTURES IN THE STATES 343
FOCUS: MAYOR RUDY GIULIANI 345
The New-Community Political Elites 345
Federalism: An Elitist Interpretation 347
Selected Readings 348
Notes 349
CHAPTER 15 Civil Rights: Elite Response to Protest 351
The History of Black Subjugation 352
Twentieth-Century Elite Attitude Change 353
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 354
Creative Disorder 355
Racial Inequality and Affirmative Action 357
Elite versus Mass Response to Civil Rights 360
FOCUS: ‘‘DIVERSITY’’ IN HIGHER EDUCATION 361
FOCUS: WOMEN AND MINORITIES ACQUIRING ELITE STATUS 363
Feminism in America 365
Women and Work 367
Feminism and Elitism 370
Civil Rights: An Elitist Interpretation 371
FOCUS: ELITES, MASSES, AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT 372
Selected Readings 374
Notes 374
CHAPTER 16 Elites and National Security 375
Nuclear Threats to Security 375
Elites Debate the Use of Military Force 381
FOCUS: ELITE FOREIGN POLICY MAKING: THE COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 384
The War in Iraq 385
FOCUS: MASS OPPOSITION TO THE WAR IN IRAQ 390
Defense Policy Making 391
Homeland Security 394
National Security: An Elitist Interpretation 398
Selected Readings 399
Notes 400
EPILOGUE: WHAT CAN STUDENTS DO? 401
APPENDIX: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 404
INDEX 421
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