Macroeconomics Ninth Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2009 Oleh McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. adalah buku edisi Sembilan.
Judul: Macroeconomics Ninth Edition
Oleh: Stephen L. Slavin
Penerbit: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman: 562 hal.
Penulis:
Stephen L. Slavin
Union County College
Cranford, New Jersey
The New School University
New York City
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini terdiri atas 19 Bab meliputi: 1) Sejarah Singkat Ekonomi Amerika Serikat, 2) Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya, 3) Mixed Economy, 4) Pasokan dan Permintaan, 5) Sektor Konsumsi Rumah Tangga,
6) Sektor Investasi Bisnis, 7 Sektor Pemerintah, 8) Sektor Ekspor-Impor, 9) Produk Domestik Bruto,
10) Fluktuasi Ekonomi, Pengangguran, dan Inflasi, 11) Ekonomi Klasik dan Ekonomi Keynesian,
12) Kebijakan Fiskal dan National Debt, 13) Uang dan Perbankan, 14) Federal Reserve dan Kebijakan Moneter, 15) A Century of Teori Ekonomii, 16) Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Produktivitas,
17) Distribusi Pendapatan dan Kemiskinan, 18) Perdagangan Internasional, dan 19) International Finance.
Daftar Isi:
1 A Brief Economic History of the United States 1
Introduction 1
The American Economy in the 19th Century 2
The American Economy in the 20th Century 6
Current Issue: America’s Place in History 18
2 Resource Utilization 25
The Central Fact of Economics: Scarcity 26
Full Employment and Full Production 29
The Production Possibilities Curve 32
Productive Effi ciency 37
Economic Growth 37
Current Issue: Will You Be Underemployed When You Graduate? 39
3 The Mixed Economy 49
The Three Questions of Economics 49
The Invisible Hand, the Price Mechanism, and Perfect Competition 51
The Circular Flow Model 54
The Economic Role of Government 55
Market Failure 56
Government Failure 59
Capital 61
The “Isms”: Capitalism, Communism, Fascism, and Socialism 63
Current Issue: The Bridge to Nowhere 68
4 Supply and Demand 71
Demand 71
Supply 72
Equilibrium 74
Shifts in Demand and Supply 75
Price Ceilings and Price Floors 79
Applications of Supply and Demand 84
Last Word 86
Current Issue: High Gas Prices: Something Only an Economist Could Love 86
GDP and Big Numbers 95
Consumption 96
Individual Saving 97
Graphing the Consumption and Saving Function 101
The Consumption Function 102
The Saving Function 104
Autonomous Consumption and Induced Consumption 106
What the Consumer Buys 107
Determinants of the Level of Consumption 109
The Permanent Income Hypothesis 111
Is the Consumer Really King? 112
Why Do We Spend So Much and Save So Little? 113
Current Issue: The American Consumer: World-Class Shopper 115
6 The Business–Investment Sector 121
Proprietorships, Partnerships, and Corporations 121
Investment 126
Investment Defi ned 128
Why Isn’t Education Spending Classifi ed as Investment? 130
How Does Savings Get Invested? 132
Gross Investment versus Net Investment 132
Building Capital 133
The Determinants of the Level of Investment 133
Graphing the C 1 I Line 136
The Summing Up of Investment 137
Current Issue: “Benedict Arnold Corporations”? 139
7 The Government Sector 145
Introduction: The Growing Economic Role of Government 145
Government Spending 146
The Economic Role of Government 162
Current Issue: Will Social Security Be There for You? 165
8 The Export–Import Sector 171
The Basis for International Trade 171
Specialization and Exchange 172
U.S. Exports and Imports 173
Outsourcing and Offshoring 175
A Summing Up: C 1 I 1 G 1 X n 176
World Trade Agreements and Free Trade
Zones 176
Current Issue: Is Your School Sweatshirt Sewn in a Sweatshop? 182
9 Gross Domestic Product 189
What Is Gross Domestic Product? 189
How GDP Is Measured 191
Two Things to Avoid When Compiling GDP 193
Nominal GDP versus Real GNP 195
International GDP Comparisons 200
Per Capita Real GDP 200
Shortcomings of GDP as a Measure of National Economic Well-Being 203
Current Issue: GDP or GPI? 208
10 Economic Fluctuations, Unemployment, and Infl ation 215
Economic Fluctuations 215
Unemployment 222
Inflation 229
The Misery Index 241
Current Issue: Where Are All the Jobs? 242
11 Classical and Keynesian Economics 251
Part I: The Classical Economic System 251
The Classical Equilibrium: Aggregate Demand Equals Aggregate Supply 255
Part II: The Keynesian Critique of the Classical System 261
Part III: The Keynesian System 264
Disequilibrium and Equilibrium 267
Keynesian Policy Prescriptions 268
Current Issue: Keynes and Say in the 21st Century 269
12 Fiscal Policy and the National Debt 275
Putting Fiscal Policy into Perspective 275
Part I: The Recessionary Gap and the Infl ationary Gap 276
Part II: The Multiplier and Its Applications 278
Part III: The Automatic Stabilizers 282
Part IV: Discretionary Fiscal Policy 285
Part V: Fiscal Policy Lags 288
Part VI: The Defi cit Dilemma 290
Part VII: The Crowding-Out and Crowding-In Effects 292
Part VIII: The Public Debt 294
Current Issue: Defi cits as Far as the Eye Can See 297
13 Money and Banking 305
Money 305
Banking 313
Bank Regulation 320
Wal–Mart Bank? 323
Current Issue: Overdraft Privileges 323
14 The Federal Reserve and Monetary Policy 329
The Federal Reserve System 329
The Creation and Destruction of Money 335
Deposit Expansion 336
The Tools of Monetary Policy 340
The Fed’s Effectiveness in Fighting Infl ation and Recession 347
The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 350
The Banking Act of 1999 351
Monetary Policy Lags 351
Fiscal and Monetary Policies Should Mesh 352
Who Controls Our Interest Rates? 353
Current Issue: The Housing Bubble and the Subprime Mortgage Mess 353
15 A Century of Economic Theory 363
The Equation of Exchange 363
The Quantity Theory of Money 365
Keynesian Economics 368
The Monetarist School 369
Supply-Side Economics 372
Rational Expectations Theory 375
21st Century Economic Theory 378
Conventional Macropolicy to Fight Recessions 379
Conventional Macropolicy to Fight Infl ation 380
Fighting Infl ationary Recessions 380
The Limits of Macropolicy 381
Conclusion 381
Current Issue: Is George W. Bush a Supply-Sider or a Keynesian? 382
16 Economic Growth and Productivity 389
The Industrial Revolution and American Economic Development 389
The Record of Productivity Growth 391
The Role of Technological Change 399
Rising Health Care Costs and the Shift to a Service Economy 400
Additional Factors Affecting Our Rate of Growth 402
Global Warming and Economic Growth 404
Summary 404
Output per Employee: An International Comparison 406
Economic Growth in the Less Developed Countries 407
Current Issue: Health Care Costs in the Coming Decades 409
17 Income Distribution and Poverty 415
Income Distribution in the United States 415
Poverty in America 423
Current Issue: Will You Ever Be Poor? 439
18 International Trade 447
Part I: A Brief History of U.S. Trade 448
Part II: The Theory of International Trade 451
Part III: The Practice of International Trade 462
What Are the Causes of Our Trade Imbalance? 462
Part IV: Our Trade Defi cit with Japan and China 464
Final Word 468
Current Issue: Buy American? 469
19 International Finance 475
The Mechanics of International Finance 475
Exchange Rate Systems 479
Running Up a Tab in the Global Economy 489
Current Issue: Editorial: American Exceptionality 494
Glossary 501
Photo Credits 510
Index 512
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