Sunday, December 13, 2015

Invitation to Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition



Invitation to Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2008  oleh Thomson Wadsworth, USA adalah buku edisi  Kednam.


Judul:  Invitation to Critical Thinking, Sixth Edition
Oleh:   Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry
Penerbit:  Thomson Wadsworth, USA
Tahun: 2008
Jumlah Halaman:  433 hal.

Penulis:

Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry


Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini fokus pada pengakuan, analisis, evaluasi, dan komposisi argumen sebagai alat diskursif persuasi rasional. Efisi ke enam ini pembahasannya meliputi:
• taksonomi Bloom: dimensi kognitif dan afektif berpikir dan hasil bahasa eksposisi lebih jelas dari
   referensi, denotasi, konotasi dan dalam bahasa;
• sistem penuangan Revisi konsisten dengan konvensi grafis yang berlaku;
• Inklusif dan disjungsi eksklusif;
• Konstruktif dan dilema yang merusak;
• Kekeliruan terlarang silogisme disjungtif;
• Metode Mill dari Residu;
• Inference untuk penjelasan terbaik;
• inferensi palsu untuk penjelasan terbaik;
• alat-alat penelitian internet dan tips.

Daftar Isi:

UNIT 1: THE BASICS 1
    Chapter 1: Critical Thinking 3

        The Importance of Critical Thinking 4
        What Is Critical Thinking? 11
        Obstacles to Critical Thinking 14
        Looking Ahead: Issues and Disputes 33
        Glossary 41
        Additional Exercises 42
        Notes 44
    Chapter 2: Language 45
        What Is Language? 46
        Functions of Language 47
        Meaning in Language 52
        Definitions 58
        Glossary 76
        Additional Exercises 76
        Notes 82
UNIT 2: ARGUMENT: FUNDAMENTAL MEDIUM OF RATIONAL DELIBERATION 83
    Chapter 3: Argument 85 
  
        Argument Identification 87
        Argument Analysis 90
        Glossary 98
        Additional Exercises 99
        Notes 103
    Chapter 4: Argument Analysis I: Representing Argument Structure 105
        The Goal of Argument Analysis 105
        Elementary Procedures 107
        Intermediate Challenges 116
        Glossary 130
        Additional Exercises 131
            Notes 135
    Chapter 5: Argument Analysis II: Paraphrasing Arguments 137
        Paraphrasing 137
        Advanced Applications 142
        Additional Exercises 151
        Notes 155
UNIT 3: DEDUCTIVE REASONING 157
    Chapter 6: Evaluating Deductive Arguments I: Categorical Logic 159

        Deductive and Inductive Reasoning 160
        Argument Form 163
        Categorical Logic 173
        Glossary 193
        Additional Exercises 194
    Chapter 7: Evaluating Deductive Arguments II: Truth Functional Logic 199
        Truth Functional Analysis of Logical Operators 200
        Argument Forms 206
    Testing for Validity with Truth Tables 218
        Glossary 222
        Additional Exercises 223
        Notes 226
UNIT 4: INDUCTIVE REASONING 227
    Chapter 8: Evaluating Inductive Arguments I: Generalization and Analogy 229

        Assessing Inductive Strength 230
        Reasoning by Analogy 236
        Glossary 249
        Additional Exercises 249
        Notes 255
    Chapter 9: Evaluating Inductive Arguments II: Hypothetical Reasoning and Burden of 
     Proof 257
        Presumption and the Burden of Proof 257
            Reasoning Hypothetically 260
        Causal Reasoning 270
        Glossary 277
        Additional Exercises 278
        Notes 281
UNIT 5: EVALUATING WHOLE ARGUMENTS 283
    Chapter 10: Evaluating Premises: Self-Evidence, Consistency, and Indirect Proof 285
        Necessary Truths 287
        Contingent Claims 290
        Beyond Self-Evidence 295
        Glossary 298
        Additional Exercises 298
        Notes 302
    Chapter 11: Informal Fallacies I: Assumptions, Language, Relevance, and Authority 303
        Fallacious Assumptions 305
        Fallacies of Language 308
        Fallacies of Relevance 323
        Fallacious Appeals to Authority 342
        Glossary 346
        Additional Exercises 348
        Notes 352
    Chapter 12: Informal Fallacies II: Inductive Reasoning 355
        Polling, Probability, and Statistics 355
        Analogy and Burden of Proof 361
        Causality 365
        A Final Word of Caution 371
        Glossary 373
        Additional Exercises 374
            Notes 378
    Chapter 13: Making Your Case: Argumentative Composition 379
        Awareness and Involvement 380
        The Issue Statement 382
        Research and the Media 383
        The Thesis Statement 392
        Argument Design 393
        The Presentation 395
        Glossary 400
Additional Exercises 400
Notes 401
Appendix: Answers & Hints for Selected Exercises 403
Index 407

  
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