Economic Evaluations in Exploration 2nd Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 1986 oleh Verlag Ellen Pilger. Tahun 1989 oleh Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg . Buku ini dicetak tahun 2008 juga oleh Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Judul: Economic Evaluations in Exploration 2nd Edition
Oleh: Friedrich-Wilhelm Wellmer, et al
Penerbit: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Tahun: 2008
Jumlah Halaman: 263 hal.
Editor:
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. mult. Friedrich-Wilhelm Wellmer
Neue Sachlichkeit 32, 30655 Hannover, Germany
Phone: +49 (0)511 614522
E-Mail: fwellmer@t-online.de
Dr. Manfred Dalheimer
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften
und Rohstoffe (BGR)
Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
Phone: +49 (0)511 643 2385
E-Mail: m.dalheimer@bgr.de
Dr.-Ing. Markus Wagner
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften
und Rohstoffe (BGR)
Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
Phone: +49 (0)511 643 3852
E-Mail: m.wagner@bgr.de
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini ditujukan untuk ahli geologi ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan evaluasi deposito pada tahap awal pengembangan. Buku ini mengemukakan bahwa setelah proyek eksplorasi telah mencapai tahap kelayakan, perhitungan yang tepat yang diperlukan untuk teknis yang komprehensif dan penilaian ekonomi akan dilakukan oleh tim ahli geologi, pertambangan insinyur, metallurgists, dan ekonom. Pada tahap awal eksplorasi, bagaimanapun, setiap evaluator deposito harus mampu menutupi seluruh spektrum sendiri.
Buku ini dimulai dengan konversi. Dikemuakan bahwa meskipun sistem metrik sedang diadopsi di seluruh dunia, Data yang lebih tua dari negara-negara Anglo-Amerika akan selalu non-metrik. setiap deposito Evaluasi harus didasarkan pada penelitian sejarah yang solid. Banyak deposito memiliki sejarah eksplorasi panjang. Investigasi teliti data yang lebih tua sering menjawab banyak pertanyaan dan menghindari kesalahan.
Daftar Isi:
Introduction. 1
1 Conversions 3
1.1 Conversion of Units 5
1.2 Conversion of Derived Quantities 12
1.3 Conversion of Chemical Compounds 19
2 First Estimates of Grade and Tonnages and Potential Grade and Tonnages 21
2.1 Estimation of Volume and Tonnage of Ore Deposits 22
2.2 Grade Estimation and Weighting 29
3 Dealing with Data of Multi-Element Deposits 41
3.1 Metal Ratios 41
3.2 Ternary Diagrams 42
3.3 Regression Analysis 43
3.4 Standardizations 48
3.5 Calculating Metal and Value Equivalents 50
4 Conversion of Geological Data into Mining Data for Ore Deposits 55
4.1 Dilution 55
4.2 Mining Recovery of Tonnages or Loss of Tonnages Respectively 56
4.3 Metal Recovery in the Beneficiation Plant 56
4.4 Concentration Factor and Mass Recovery 58
4.5 Special Case Uranium . 58
5 Introduction to Economic Evaluations 61
6 Metal Prices . 63
6.1 Introduction 63
6.2 Choice of Currency 63
6.3 Calculation of Average Prices Adjusted for Inflation 65
6.4 Calculating Prices with Moving Averages 67
6.5 Deriving Prices from Cost Charts 68
7 Calculation of the Net Smelter Return (NSR) of a Mine 71
7.1 Simple Cases on the Basis of Prices Per Unit or Direct Concentrate Prices 71
7.2 Non-Ferrous Metals 72
8 Production Lifetime 79
8.1 Rules-of-Thumb for the Lifetime of Deposits 79
8.2 Market Barriers as a Determinant for a Mine Capacity 83
8.3 Lifetime Considerations in the Construction Minerals Industry 84
8.4 Ratio of Lifetime of Reserves 84
9 Calculation of Cost Data 87
9.1 Provision of Cost Data 87
9.2 Processing of Cost Data 90
9.3 Further Rules-of-Thumb 99
9.4 Freight Costs 107
10 Additional Economic Planning Methods 113
10.1 Calculation of Cutoff Grades . 113
10.2 Linear Optimization 117
11 Economic Evaluations 123
11.1 Static Methods 123
11.2 Dynamic Methods 126
11.3 Aspects of Taxation 145
11.4 Equity and Debt Financing 147
11.5 Example of a Cash Flow Calculation 148
11.6 The Concept of Profit 153
11.7 Sensitivity Analysis 154
11.8 Breakeven Calculations 157
11.9 The Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Method 160
11.10 The Option Pricing Method 162
11.11 Dealing with Start-up Problems in Economic Evaluations 168
12 Quantitative Valuation of Exploration Projects without Known Mineralization 171
12.1 Introduction 171
12.2 Valuation of Properties without Known Exploitable Reserves 171
13 Comparison of Deposits 175
13.1 Comparison of Deposits Via the Metal Content 175
13.2 The Borderline of Viability 178
13.3 The Breakeven Curve in a Grade-Capacity Diagram 179
13.4 Grade-Capacity Diagram with Lines of Equal Economic Parameters 181
13.5 Comparison of Deposits with Cost Charts 184
13.6 Comparison of Deposits with Auxiliary Criteria 184
14 Calculating Growth Rates 185
14.1 Calculating Growth Rates Using the Geometrical Mean 185
14.2 Calculating Growth Rates with Logarithmic Values and Linear Regression 186
14.3 Doubling Periods 189
15 Equity Calculations 191
15.1 Equity Calculations with Several Partners 191
15.2 Calculation of Foreign Equity in Exploration and Mining Projects. 193
References 197
Appendices 201
A Diagrams for Conversion between Imperial and Metric Units 201
B Diagrams to Determine the Thickness Reduction Factors for Drilling Oblique to Strike and Dip
at Different Angles of Inclination and Diagram to Determine the Optimal Angle of Inclination
of Drill Holes for Drilling Oblique to Strike 206
C Part 1 • Derivation of the Formula for Calculating a Density Equivalent of Sect. 3.5.3 209
Part 2 • Spreadsheet to Calculate Densities of Complex Ore 211
D Tables 212
E Problems Created by the Application of Geometrical Series 228
F Sources of Information, Internet Addresses, Abbreviations, Conversions 230
G Scales (for the Field Book) 235
Index 239
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