HIV Medicine 2007 15th Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan Tahun 2003 Oleh McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc adalah buku edisi Dua.
Judul: HIV Medicine 2007 15th Edition
Oleh: Christian Hoffmann, et al (Editor)
Penerbit: Flying Publisher
Tahun: 2007
Jumlah Halaman: 818 hal.
Editor:
Christian Hoffmann, M.D., Ph.D.
Infektionsmedizinisches Centrum Hamburg (ICH)
Grindelallee 35
D – 20146 Hamburg
Phone +49 40 413 2420
www.HIVMedicine.com
www.InfluenzaReport.com
Jürgen K. Rockstroh, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Medicine I
University of Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25
D – 53105 Bonn
Phone: + 49 228 287 6558
Fax: + 49 228 287 5034
email: Juergen.Rockstroh@ukb.uni-bonn.de
Bernd Sebastian Kamps, M.D.
FlyingPublisher.com
AmedeoChallenge.org
AmedeoPrize.org
Amedeo.com
Paris
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini terdiri atas 33 topik bahasan, meliputi 1. Pendahuluan, 2. Infeksi HIV-1 akut, 3. Tes HIV,
4. Infeksi Patogenesis HIV-1, 5. ART 2007, 6. Pengelolaan Efek Samping, 7. Lipodistrofi Syndrome,
8. Nucleoside Analog mitokondria toksisitas , 9. Pengujian Perlawanan HIV, 10. Kehamilan dan HIV,
11. Antiretroviral Therapy pada Anak, 12. Infeksi Oportunistik (IO), 13. Sarkoma Kaposi, 14. Limfoma ganas , 15. Pasien Baru HIV, 16. Vaksinasi dan HIV, 17. Bepergian dengan HIV, 18. Infeksi Co HIV dan HBV / HCV, 19. Infeksi GBV-C, 20. HIV dan fungsi ginjal, 21. Penyakit kulit terkait HIV dan mukokutan,
22. Penyakit Menular HIV dan Seksual, 23. Penyakit HIV dan Jantung, 24. HIV terkait Hipertensi Paru,
25. HIV dan Penyakit Paru, 26. HIV-1 Ensefalopati terkait dan Myelopathy, 27. Penyakit neuromuscular,
28. HIV dan Gangguan Jiwa, 29. Disfungsi Seksual HIV / AIDS, 30. HIV dan Harapan untuk Parenthood,
31. Pasca-Exposure Profilaksis (PEP), 32. Profil Obat, dan 33. Interaksi Obat-Obat.
Daftar Isi:
1. Introduction 23
Transmission routes 23
Natural history .25
CDC classification system 26
Epidemiology 28
Conclusion .29
References 29
2. Acute HIV-1 Infection 33
Introduction 33
Immunological and virological events during acute HIV-1 infection 33
Signs and symptoms 34
Diagnosis 35
Treatment 37
References 38
3. HIV Testing 41
How to test 41
HIV antibody diagnosis .41
Problem: The "diagnostic window" . 48
HIV nucleic acid testing (NAT) 50
Test results 50
Special case: Babies born to HIV-infected mothers 51
Special case: occupational HIV exposure (see also chapter on PEP) 52
What is relevant in practice? 53
Useful Internet sources relating to HIV testing 54
References .54
4. Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection .59
1. The structure of HIV-1 60
2. The HIV replication cycle 64
3. HIV and the immune system .72
References 81
5. ART 2007 89
1. History 89
2. Overview of antiretroviral agents 93
3. ART 2007/2008: The horizon and beyond 127
4. Therapeutic Goals 160
5. When to start HAART. 176
6. Which HAART to start with? 189
7. When to change HAART .210
8. How to change HAART 218
9. Salvage therapy 226
10. When to stop HAART 238
11. Monitoring. 252
12. Costs, Prevention, Compliance 263
6. Management of Side Effects 273
Gastrointestinal side effects 273
Hepatotoxicity 275
Renal problems .278
Neurological side effects 280
CNS disorders 280
Haematological changes 281
Increased bleeding episodes 282
Allergic reactions 282
Lactic acidosis 284
Avascular necrosis 285
Osteopenia/osteoporosis 286
Specific side effects 287
References 288
7. Lipodystrophy Syndrome .293
Background 293
Clinical manifestation 293
HAART, lipodystrophy syndrome and cardiovascular risk 295
Pathogenesis .297
Diagnosis 299
Therapy and Prevention 301
References 305
8. Mitochondrial Toxicity of Nucleoside Analogs 309
Introduction 309
Pathogenesis of mitochondrial toxicity 309
Clinical manifestations 310
Monitoring and diagnosis 314
Treatment and prophylaxis of mitochondrial toxicity 314
References 317
9. HIV Resistance Testing 321
Assays for resistance testing 321
Background 324
Interpretation of genotypic resistance profiles .328
Summary 338
Resistance tables 340
References 344
10. Pregnancy and HIV 353
HIV therapy in pregnancy 353
References 366
11. Antiretroviral Therapy in Children 369
Characteristics of HIV infection in childhood 369
Diagnosis of HIV infection < 18 months of age 372
Diagnosis of HIV infection > 18 months of age 373
When to initiate antiretroviral therapy 373
General considerations for treatment of HIV-infected children 375
Strategy 377
Classes of Antiretrovirals 378
Drug interaction 382
Monitoring of therapy efficacy and therapy failure 382
Change of therapy 383
Supportive therapy and prophylaxis 383
Conclusion 384
12. Opportunistic Infections (OIs) 389
OIs in the HAART era 389
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) 392
Cerebral toxoplasmosis 400
CMV retinitis 406
Candidiasis 412
Tuberculosis 416
Atypical mycobacteriosis (MAC) 433
Herpes simplex 437
Herpes zoster 440
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 442
Bacterial pneumonia 446
Cryptosporidiosis 449
Cryptococcosis 452
Salmonella septicemia 456
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) 458
Wasting syndrome 464
Rare OIs 467
13. Kaposi’s Sarcoma 477
Signs, symptoms and diagnosis 478
Prognosis and staging 479
Treatment. 480
Local therapy 481
Chemotherapy 481
Immunotherapy 483
Monitoring and follow-up care 484
References 484
14. Malignant Lymphomas 489
Systemic non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) 490
Primary CNS lymphoma 501
Hodgkin.s disease (HD) 504
Multicentric Castleman’s Disease (MCD) 506
15. The New HIV Patient 513
The initial interview 513
The Laboratory 514
The examination 515
16. Vaccinations and HIV 517
Practical approach to vaccinations 519
Details on individual vaccines 519
17. Traveling with HIV .531
Travel preparations 531
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) 531
General precautions 532
Vaccinations .532
Malaria prophylaxis 533
Entry regulations and travel insurance .533
Special risks 534
Medical problems after traveling 536
18. HIV and HBV/HCV Coinfections 539
HIV and HCV Coinfection 539
HIV and HBV coinfection 550
19. GBV-C infection 559
GBV-C: Harmless or rather a friendly virus? 559
Proposed pathomechanisms: One question and multiple answers .561
How to deal with GBV-C-viremia in HIV-infection? 562
References 563
20. HIV and Renal Function 567
Nephroprotection 567
Clinical manifestation/diagnosis of nephropathy .567
Routine tests for renal impairment .568
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIV-AN) 569
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis .570
Principles of therapy of glomerulonephritis 570
Renal safety of antiretroviral therapy 571
Dosage of antiretrovirals in renal insufficiency 573
OIs and renal insufficiency 575
References .577
21. HIV-associated Skin and Mucocutaneous Diseases 581
Introduction 581
Dermatological examination and therapy in HIV-infected patients 583
HAART: Influence on (muco-) cutaneous diseases 585
Conclusions 586
Most frequent HIV-associated skin diseases 587
Skin and mucocutaneous disease related to antiretroviral drugs 598
References 600
22. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 609
Syphilis 609
Gonorrhea 611
Chlamydia infection 612
Chancroid 614
Condylomata acuminata 615
23. HIV and Cardiac Diseases 617
Coronary artery disease (CHD) 617
Congestive heart failure 619
Pericardial effusion 621
Cardiac arrhythmias 622
Valvular heart disease 622
Further cardiac manifestations 623
References 623
24. HIV-associated Pulmonary Hypertension 627
Etiology, pathogenesis, classification 627
Diagnosis 628
Therapy 629
Conclusion for clinicians 634
References and Internet addresses 634
25. HIV and Pulmonary Diseases 637
Anamnesis 638
Pulmonary complications 640
References 643
26. HIV-1 associated Encephalopathy and Myelopathy 645
HIV encephalopathy 645
HIV-associated myelopathy 650
References 651
27. Neuromuscular Diseases 653
Polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy 653
Myopathy 661
28. HIV and Psychiatric Disorders 665
Major depression 665
Psychotic disorders 671
Acute treatment in psychiatric emergency 674
References 675
29. Sexual Dysfunction in HIV/AIDS 677
Introduction .677
Definitions 677
Etiology of sexual dysfunction in HIV/AIDS 677
Ongoing research 679
Diagnosis of sexual dysfunction 679
Therapy for sexual dysfunction 680
30. HIV and Wish for Parenthood 685
Introduction 685
Pre-conceptual counseling 687
Male HIV infection 687
Female HIV infection .689
HIV infection of both partners 690
Psychosocial aspects 690
The future 691
31. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) 695
Transmission 695
Transmission risk 695
Effectiveness and limitations of PEP 696
When is PEP indicated? 697
Potential risks of PEP 697
Initial interventions 698
Initiation of PEP 699
Management of PEP 700
References 701
32. Drug Profiles 705
3TC . Lamivudine 705
Abacavir (ABC 706
Acyclovir 707
Amphotericin B 708
Amprenavir 709
Atazanavir 710
Atovaquone 711
Atripla® 712
Azithromycin 712
AZT . Zidovudine 713
Cidofovir 715
Clarithromycin .716
Clindamycin 717
Combivir 717
Co-trimoxazole 718
d4T . Stavudine 719
Dapsone 720
Daunorubicin, liposomal 722
ddC . Zalcitabine 722
ddI . Didanosine 723
Delavirdine 724
Doxorubicin (liposomal) 724
Efavirenz 725
Emtricitabine (FTC) 726
Erythropoietin 727
Ethambutol 728
Etravirin (TMC-125) 729
Fluconazole 730
Fosamprenavir 731
Foscarnet 732
Ganciclovir 733
G-CSF 734
Indinavir .735
Interferon alfa 2a/2b 736
Interleukin-2 737
Isoniazid (INH) 738
Itraconazole .739
Kivexa. (USA: Epzicom.) 740
Lopinavir 741
Maraviroc 742
Nelfinavir 744
Nevirapine 745
Pentamidine 747
Pyrimethamine 748
Raltegravir (MK-0518) 749
Ribavirin .749
Rifabutin 751
Rifampin (or rifampicin) 752
Ritonavir 753
Saquinavir 755
Sulfadiazine 756
T-20 (Enfuvirtide) 757
Tenofovir 758
Tipranavir 760
Trizivir 762
Truvada 762
Valganciclovir 763
Voriconazole765
33. Drug-Drug Interactions 767
Berminat?
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