The Psychology of Education
Buku ini diterbitkan ta`hun 2003 Oleh Taylor & Francis e-Library adalah buku edisi Kedua.
Judul: The Psychology of Education
Oleh: Martyn Long
Penerbit: Taylor & Francis e-Library
Tahun: 2003
Jumlah Halaman: 385 hal.
Penulis:
Martyn Long mengajar dalam pendidikan menengah dan lanjut. Dia saat ini seorang psikolog pendidikan di Cambridgeshire.
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini berkonsentrasi pada bukti, sebagai lawan pendapat. Informasi yang dikemukakan berasal dari aplikasi langsung dari pengetahuan psikologis atau dari penggunaan teknik-teknik psikologis dalam penelitian pendidikan. Namun, ada pasti bias, yang berasal dari bukti yang telah dipilih, dan ini adalah hasil upaya untuk mencerminkan keseimbangan kemungkinan penjelasan di bidang masing-masing. Buku ini secara umum agak skeptis dari beberapa pandangan deterministik, yang cenderung mencari penyebab sederhana. Ini termasuk keyakinan tentang pentingnya kemampuan kognitif umum atau ide-ide tentang karakteristik tertentu yang diwariskan menjadi penting kemajuan pendidikan bagi anak-anak. Buku ini juga menyadari bahwa ada banyak orang yang percaya sebaliknya dan buku ini juga karena mencoba untuk mewakili bukti yang mendukung sisi lain hal.
Daftar Isi:
List of figures vii
List of tables x
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Acknowledgements of copyright material xiv
1 Introduction
Why do we need psychology? 1
What is educational psychology? 2
The evidence from psychology 7
Summary 9
Key implications 9
2 Learning
Basic principles of learning 10
Theories of learning 12
Cognitive processes and learning 17
Memory 18
Integrated views of learning 29
Cognitive development and learning 30
Optimising learning 39
Connectionism 41
The promise of information and communications technology 43
Summary 44
Key implications 45
3 Assessment
Why assess? 46
What can we assess? 47
Functions of assessment 49
Types of tests 53
Test content and structure 55
Intelligence testing 60
Other forms of assessment 64
National Curriculum Assessments 67
Summary 74
Key implications 74
4 Individual differences and achievement
The importance of differences 76
Intelligence 77
Home background 80
Gifted children 85
Creativity 88
Thinking skills 91
Cognitive style 97
Personality 99
Summary 101
Key implications 102
5 Involving students
Motivation 104
Attributional processes 121
Task involvement and cognitive development 123
Teacher expectations 126
Summary 128
Key implications 129
6 The educational context
The importance of context 131
School effectiveness 131
The physical environment 137
Organisation of pupils and teaching 141
Teaching effects 147
Summary 158
Key implications 159
7 Society and culture
Society 161
Social psychology 163
The functions of education 166
Social disadvantage 167
Gender 171
Ethnicity 178
Summary 185
Key implications 186
8 Language
The importance of language 188
What is language? 188
The development of language 195
Characteristics of language development 198
Language and thought 201
Educational implications of language development 205
Speech and language problems 208
Summary 212
Key implications 213
9 Literacy
What is literacy? 215
Reading development 216
Reading subskills 221
Teaching reading 224
Literacy tests 226
Readability assessment 228
Problems with literacy 231
Literacy and language 236
Summary 242
Key implications 243
10 Behavioural problems
What are behavioural problems? 244
Background and causes of educational and behavioural difficulties 247
Categories of emotional and behavioural difficulties 264
Summary 269
Key implications 270
11 Dealing with behaviour problems
Behaviour support 272
Behavioural approaches to problem behaviour 273
Other techniques for managing behaviour 279
Medical approaches to problem behaviour 283
Educational psychologists and behaviour problems 285
Specific problems 286
School-based behaviour programmes 294
Special needs provision for behaviour problems 295
Summary 297
Key implications 298
12 Special educational needs
What are special needs? 299
Concepts of special educational needs 300
Categories of special needs 304
The process of special education 311
Special needs support 316
Summary 324
Key implications 324
Appendix I: Statistics 326
Appendix II: Comments on practical
scenarios 331
References 336
Index 365
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