Thursday, June 11, 2015

Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century






Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2010  :   The National Academies Press, Washington DC , adalah buku edisi Pertama.


Judul:  Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century
Oleh:  Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems
Agriculture; National Research Council
Penerbit:   The National Academies Press, Washington DC
Tahun: 2010
Jumlah Halaman: 599  hal.

Penulis:
Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems

Lingkup Pembahasan:
Bab pertama dalam buku ini  mendefinisikan istilah kunci yang digunakan dalam bab-bab selanjutnya dan kemudian membahas konsep keberlanjutan pertanian. Ini mengidentifikasi batas-batas, atau ruang lingkup, untuk ilmu keseluruhan penilaian keberlanjutan. Pada akhirnya, laporan ini berfokus pada bukti ilmiah saat ini tentang kinerja praktek pertanian dan sistem yang dapat berkontribusi untuk  sistem pertanian bergerak AS di sepanjang lintasan menuju memenuhi berbagai tujuan keberlanjutan. Indikator
yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan penilaian kuantitatif kemajuan menuju keberlanjutan yang
juga dibahas. Struktur laporan diuraikan pada akhir bab ini.

Daftar Isi:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
SUMMARY 3
1  UNDERSTANDING AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY 15
    Purpose of this Report, 16
    Agricultural Sustainability, 23
    Setting Priorities for Agricultural Sustainability, 29
    Indicators of Sustainability, 32
    Integrating Diverse Indicators in Holistic Assessments, 36
    Summary, 37
    Organization of the Report, 38
    References, 39
2  A PIVOTAL TIME IN AGRICULTURE 43
    A Brief History of U.S. Agriculture, 45
    U.S. Agriculture Today, 48
    Challenges to U.S. Agriculture in the 21st Century, 54
    Systems Approach to Improving the Sustainability of Agriculture, 74
    Summary, 75
    References, 75
3  IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN 
    U.S. FARMING SYSTEMS 83
    Soil Management, 85
    Crop and Vegetation Diversity Management, 97
    Water-Use Management, 110
    Water Quality Management, 117
    Nutrient Management, 122
    Weeds, Pests, and Disease Management in Crops, 135
    Managing Efficiency of Animal Production Systems, 150
    Animal Welfare, 154
    Animal Health, 158
    Summary, 161
    References, 164
3  ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FARMING 
    PRACTICES AND APPROACHES 189
    Economic Security of Sustainable Farming Systems, 189
    Socioeconomic Aspects of Sustainability at the Community Level, 202
    Food Security, Safety, Quality, and Other Socioeconomic Dimensions, 207
    Summary, 211
    References, 212
5  EXAMPLES OF FARMING SYSTEM TYPES FOR IMPROVING SUSTAINABILITY 221
    Organic Cropping Systems, 222
    Principles and Practices of Organic Farming, 223
    Alternative Livestock Production Systems, 233
    Perennial Agriculture Systems, 249
    Gaps in Existing Science at the Systems Level, 253
    Biogeophysical Landscape-Level Sustainability Analysis and Planning, 255
    Summary, 258
    References, 259
6  DRIVERS AND CONSTRAINTS AFFECTING THE TRANSITION TO SUSTAINABLE 
    FARMING PRACTICES 271
    Agricultural Markets as Contextual Factors, 272
    Public Policy as a Contextual Factor, 291
    Knowledge Institutions as Contextual Factors, 307
    Stakeholders and Social Movements, 323
    Diversity of Farmer Responses to Contexts, 326
    Summary, 333
    References, 337
7  ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDIES 351
    Follow-Up of the Case Studies Featured in Alternative Agriculture, 353
    Status of the Farms, 353
    Commonalities Among the Farms, 355
    • Mormon Trail Farm, 357
    • Ferrari Farms, Inc., 362
    • Brookview Farm, 366
    • Lundberg Family Farms, 371
    • Pavich Family Farms, 377
    • Thompson Farm, 380
    • Green Cay Farm and Green Cay Produce, 385
    • Bragger Farm, 402
    • Radiance Dairy, 413
    • Straus Family Creamery, 423
    • Full Belly Farm, 433
    • Peregrine Farm, 445
    • Stahlbush Island Farms, 453
    • Goldmine Farm, 463
    • Rosmann Family Farm, 473
    • Zenner Farm, 482
8  SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: “LESSONS LEARNED”
    FROM THE UNITED STATES 493
    The Importance of Context, 494
    Long-Term Evolution Towards Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa, 496
    Considerations of U.S. “Lessons” Learned, 497
    Summary, 514
    References, 515
9  CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 519
    What is Sustainable Agriculture?, 520
    Toward Agricultural Sustainability in the 21st Century, 521
    Incremental Approach to Improving U.S. Agricultural Sustainability, 522
    Transformative Approach to Improving U.S. Agricultural Sustainability, 524
    Relevance of Lessons Learned to Sub-Saharan Africa, 532
    In Closing, 533
APPENDIXES
    A     Statement of Task 537
    B     Biographical Sketches 539
    C     Presentations to the Committee on 21st Century Systems Agriculture 545
    D     Follow-up of the 1989 Case Studies Featured in Alternative Agriculture Report: Topics of
            Discussion During Telephone Interview 549
    E     Dairy Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 551
    F     Grain Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 559
    G     Specialty-Crop Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 565

   
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