Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2010 : The National Academies Press, Washington DC , adalah buku edisi Pertama.
Judul: Toward Sustainable Agricultural Systems in the 21st Century
Oleh: Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems
Agriculture; National Research Council
Penerbit: The National Academies Press, Washington DC
Tahun: 2010
Jumlah Halaman: 599 hal.
Penulis:
Committee on Twenty-First Century Systems
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Bab pertama dalam buku ini mendefinisikan istilah kunci yang digunakan dalam bab-bab selanjutnya dan kemudian membahas konsep keberlanjutan pertanian. Ini mengidentifikasi batas-batas, atau ruang lingkup, untuk ilmu keseluruhan penilaian keberlanjutan. Pada akhirnya, laporan ini berfokus pada bukti ilmiah saat ini tentang kinerja praktek pertanian dan sistem yang dapat berkontribusi untuk sistem pertanian bergerak AS di sepanjang lintasan menuju memenuhi berbagai tujuan keberlanjutan. Indikator
yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan penilaian kuantitatif kemajuan menuju keberlanjutan yang
juga dibahas. Struktur laporan diuraikan pada akhir bab ini.
Daftar Isi:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
SUMMARY 3
1 UNDERSTANDING AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY 15
Purpose of this Report, 16
Agricultural Sustainability, 23
Setting Priorities for Agricultural Sustainability, 29
Indicators of Sustainability, 32
Integrating Diverse Indicators in Holistic Assessments, 36
Summary, 37
Organization of the Report, 38
References, 39
2 A PIVOTAL TIME IN AGRICULTURE 43
A Brief History of U.S. Agriculture, 45
U.S. Agriculture Today, 48
Challenges to U.S. Agriculture in the 21st Century, 54
Systems Approach to Improving the Sustainability of Agriculture, 74
Summary, 75
References, 75
3 IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN
U.S. FARMING SYSTEMS 83
Soil Management, 85
Crop and Vegetation Diversity Management, 97
Water-Use Management, 110
Water Quality Management, 117
Nutrient Management, 122
Weeds, Pests, and Disease Management in Crops, 135
Managing Efficiency of Animal Production Systems, 150
Animal Welfare, 154
Animal Health, 158
Summary, 161
References, 164
3 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF FARMING
PRACTICES AND APPROACHES 189
Economic Security of Sustainable Farming Systems, 189
Socioeconomic Aspects of Sustainability at the Community Level, 202
Food Security, Safety, Quality, and Other Socioeconomic Dimensions, 207
Summary, 211
References, 212
5 EXAMPLES OF FARMING SYSTEM TYPES FOR IMPROVING SUSTAINABILITY 221
Organic Cropping Systems, 222
Principles and Practices of Organic Farming, 223
Alternative Livestock Production Systems, 233
Perennial Agriculture Systems, 249
Gaps in Existing Science at the Systems Level, 253
Biogeophysical Landscape-Level Sustainability Analysis and Planning, 255
Summary, 258
References, 259
6 DRIVERS AND CONSTRAINTS AFFECTING THE TRANSITION TO SUSTAINABLE
FARMING PRACTICES 271
Agricultural Markets as Contextual Factors, 272
Public Policy as a Contextual Factor, 291
Knowledge Institutions as Contextual Factors, 307
Stakeholders and Social Movements, 323
Diversity of Farmer Responses to Contexts, 326
Summary, 333
References, 337
7 ILLUSTRATIVE CASE STUDIES 351
Follow-Up of the Case Studies Featured in Alternative Agriculture, 353
Status of the Farms, 353
Commonalities Among the Farms, 355
• Mormon Trail Farm, 357
• Ferrari Farms, Inc., 362
• Brookview Farm, 366
• Lundberg Family Farms, 371
• Pavich Family Farms, 377
• Thompson Farm, 380
• Green Cay Farm and Green Cay Produce, 385
• Bragger Farm, 402
• Radiance Dairy, 413
• Straus Family Creamery, 423
• Full Belly Farm, 433
• Peregrine Farm, 445
• Stahlbush Island Farms, 453
• Goldmine Farm, 463
• Rosmann Family Farm, 473
• Zenner Farm, 482
8 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: “LESSONS LEARNED”
FROM THE UNITED STATES 493
The Importance of Context, 494
Long-Term Evolution Towards Sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa, 496
Considerations of U.S. “Lessons” Learned, 497
Summary, 514
References, 515
9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 519
What is Sustainable Agriculture?, 520
Toward Agricultural Sustainability in the 21st Century, 521
Incremental Approach to Improving U.S. Agricultural Sustainability, 522
Transformative Approach to Improving U.S. Agricultural Sustainability, 524
Relevance of Lessons Learned to Sub-Saharan Africa, 532
In Closing, 533
APPENDIXES
A Statement of Task 537
B Biographical Sketches 539
C Presentations to the Committee on 21st Century Systems Agriculture 545
D Follow-up of the 1989 Case Studies Featured in Alternative Agriculture Report: Topics of
Discussion During Telephone Interview 549
E Dairy Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 551
F Grain Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 559
G Specialty-Crop Farms: Topics of Discussion During On-Farm Interview 565
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