Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2003 oleh Kluwer Academic Publishers, London adalah buku edisi Pertama.
Judul: Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism
Oleh: Christine H. Foyer, et al (Editor)
Penerbit: Kluwer Academic Publishers, London
Tahun: 2002
Jumlah Halaman: 305 hal.
Editor:
Christine H. Foyer
Crop Performance and Improvement Division,
IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, U.K.
and
Graham Noctor
Université Denis Diderot Paris VII,
Institut de la Biotechnologie des Plantes, Orsay, France
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini memiliki dua tujuan utama. Yang pertama adalah untuk menyediakan rincian komprehensif perkembangan sangat terbaru dalam pemahaman kita tentang bagaimana hijau sel reductively
Daftar Isi:
Editorial v
Contents viii
Preface xiii
Color Plates CP-1
1 Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation: Inter-Pathway Control and Signaling 1-22
Christine H. Foyer and Graham Noctor
Summary 1
I. Introduction 2
II. Control of Leaf Amino Acid Contents 4
III. Integration and Control of Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism 11
IV. The Carbon-Nitrogen Signal Transduction Network: Interactions Between Nitrate,
Sugars and Abscisic Acid 16
V. Conclusions and Perspectives
References 18
2 Photosynthesis and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency 23-34
P. Ananda Kumar, Martin A. J. Parry, Rowan A. C. Mitchell, Altaf Ahmad and Yash P. Abrol
Summary 23
I. Introduction 24
II. Nitrogen in the Photosynthetic Apparatus 24
III. Optimization of Amounts of Photosynthetic Components for Different Environments 26
IV. Role of Regulation of Rubisco Activity 29
V. Approaches to Improving Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Crops 30
Acknowledgments 31
References 31
3 Molecular Control of Nitrate Reductase and Other Enzymes Involved in Nitrate
Assimilation 35-48
Wilbur H. Campbell
Summary 35
I. Introduction 36
II. Transcriptional Control of Nitrate Reductase and Other Nitrogen Metabolism Genes 39
III. Post-Translational Control of Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes 41
IV. Protein Kinases and Control of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism 44
V. Future Prospects for the Control of Nitrogen Metabolism 45
Acknowledgment 46
References 46
4 Soluble and Plasma Membrane-bound Enzymes Involved in Nitrate and Nitrite
Metabolism 49 - 62
Christian Meyer and Christine Stöhr
Summary 49
I. Introduction 50
II. Nitrate Reduction at the Plasma Membrane 50
III. Nitrite Transport and Reduction 54
IV. Conclusions 59
Acknowledgments 60
References 60
5 What Limits Nitrate Reduction in Leaves? 63–70
Werner M. Kaiser, Maria Stoimenova and Hui-Min Man
Summary 63
I. Introduction 64
II. Nitrate Reduction and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Photosynthesizing Leaves 64
III. Nitrate Reduction after Artificial Activation of Nitrate Reductase 65
IV. Is Cytosolic Nitrate Concentration Rate-Limiting? 66
V. Is Nitrate Reduction Limited by NAD(P)H? 68
VI. Conclusions 68
Acknowledgments 70
References 70
6 The Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetic Manipulation of Primary Ammonia Assimilation 71-92
Bertrand Hirel and Peter J. Lea
Summary 71
I. Introduction: Glutamine Synthetase and Glutamate Synthase, Two Enzymes at the
Crossroads Between Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism 72
II. Glutamine Synthetase 72
III. Glutamate Synthase 79
IV. Glutamate Dehydrogenase 85
References 86
7 Regulation of Ammonium Assimilation in Cyanobacteria 93-113
Francisco J. Florencio and José C. Reyes
Summary 93
I. Introduction 94
II. Ammonium Uptake 94
III. The Glutamine Synthetase/Glutamate Synthase Pathway 96
IV. Regulation of Ammonium Assimilation 103
V. Future Perspectives 109
Acknowledgments 109
References 109
8 Photorespiratory Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling: Evidence from Studies of Mutant and
Transgenic Plants 115-134
Alfred J. Keys and Richard C. Leegood
Summary 115
I. Introduction 116
II. Entry of Carbon into the Photorespiratory Pathway 119
III. Recycling of Carbon to the Reductive Pentose Phosphate Pathway 120
IV. Recycling of Nitrogen Associated with Photorespiration 124
V. Feedback from Photorespiration on Other Processes 127
VI. Role of Photorespiration During Stress 129
Conclusions 130
References 130
9 The Regulation of Plant Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase by Reversible
Phosphorylation 135-150
Jean Vidal, Nadia Bakrim and Michael Hodges
Summary 135
I. Introduction 136
II. Properties of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase 136
III. The Enzyme‘s Physiological Context 137
IV. Reversible Modulation in vivo by a Regulatory Phosphorylation Cycle 139
V. Significance of Regulatory Phosphorylation of the Photosynthetic Isoform 144
VI. Regulatory Phosphorylation of the Form: Importance in Anaplerosis 145
VII. Conclusions and Perspectives 148
References 148
10 Mitochondrial Functions in the Light and Significance to Carbon-Nitrogen
Interactions 151-172
Per Gardeström, Abir U. Igamberdiev and A. S. Raghavendra
Summary 152
I. Introduction 152
II. Export of Photosynthate from the Chloroplast 153
III. Mitochondrial Products of Photorespiration 154
IV. Products of Glycolysis in the Light 155
V. Operation of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle 157
VI. Electron Transport and Redox Levels in Plant Mitochondria 160
VII. Participation of Mitochondria in the Regulation of Metabolism during Transitions between
Light and Darkness 163
VIII.Mitochondrial Respiration and Photoinhibition 164
IX. The Role of Mitochondria in Photosynthesis 165
X Glycolate Metabolism in Algal Mitochondria 165
XI Concluding Remarks 166
Acknowledgments 166
References 167
11 Alternative Oxidase: Integrating Carbon Metabolism and Electron Transport in Plant
Respiration 173-191
Greg C. Vanlerberghe and Sandi H. Ordog
Summary 173
I. Integration in Plant Respiration 174
II. The Alternative Oxidase in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport 174
III. Regulation of Alternative Oxidase 176
IV. Physiological Function of Alternative Oxidase 181
Acknowledgments 188
References 188
12 Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Plants and its Potential Impact on Nitrogen and Respiratory
Metabolism 193-2004
A. Harvey Millar, David A. Day and Christel Mathieu
Summary 193
I. Nitric Oxide as a Biological Messenger Molecule 194
II. Evidence of Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Accumulation in Plants 194
III. Evidence of Nitric Oxide Modulation of Plant Signaling, Metabolism and
Development 196
IV. So What is the Role of Nitric Oxide in Plants? 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
13 Nitrogen and Signaling 205-225
Anne Krapp, Sylvie Ferrario-Méry and Bruno Touraine
Summary 206
I. Introduction 206
II. Processes Regulated by Nitrate and Reduced Nitrogen-Compounds 206
III. Molecular Mechanisms of Nitrogen Signal Perception and Transduction 216
IV. Concluding Remarks 220
Acknowledgments 220
References 220
14 Regulation of Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation Through Gene Expression 227-238
Tatsuo Sugiyama and Hitoshi Sakakibara
Summary 227
I. Introduction 228
II. Physiological and Biochemical Nature of Plant Response to Nitrogen 228
III. Regulation of Nitrogen-Responsive Genes for Carbon Assimilation 230
IV. Regulation of Nitrogen-Responsive Genes for Assimilation and Subsequent Metabolism
of Nitrogen 231
V. Regulation of Partitioning of Nitrogen into Proteins: A Model for Sensing and
Signaling 234
Acknowledgments 235
References 235
15 Intracellular And Intercellular Transport Of Nitrogen And Carbon 239-263
Gertrud Lohaus and Karsten Fischer
Summary 239
I. Introduction 240
II. Transport Processes of Plastids 240
III . Transport Processes Involved in Phloem Loading 246
IV. Concluding Remarks 257
Acknowledgments 257
References 258
16 Optimizing Carbon-Nitrogen Budgets: Perspectives for Crop Improvement 265-274
John A. Raven, Linda L. Handley and Mitchell Andrews
Summary 265
I. Introduction 266
II. The Nature of Crops 268
III. What Are We Seeking to Optimize in Carbon-Nitrogen Budgets? 269
IV. How Can We Change Carbon-Nitrogen Budgets? 269
V. What are the Outcomes of Changing Carbon-Nitrogen Budgets? 271
VI. Prospects and Conclusions 272
Acknowledgments 272
References 272
Index 275
Berminat?
Email: zanetapm@gmail.com
menggabungkan nitrat dan ammonium ke dalam senyawa organik yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan.
Dari partisi nitrogen organik dalam aparat fotosintesis, melalui primer proses reduksi nitrat dan amonia asimilasi dan bersepeda di fotorespirasi, dengan transportasi intraseluler dan antar karbon dan nitrogen, proses yang terlibat dalam fotosintesis asimilasi nitrogen dijelaskan dan baru yang menarik perkembangan seperti produksi nitrat oksida dievaluasi. Tujuan kedua adalah untuk memberikan yang rincian mekanisme crosstalk yang komprehensif antara karbon dan nitrogen metabolisme. Kunci Tema buku ini adalah koordinasi proses fotosintesis dan pernapasan dalam nitrogen asimilasi. Muncul konsep saling ketergantungan kloroplas dan mitokondria yang dijelaskan, dan komunikasi yang penting, transportasi dan proses sinyal yang disorot.
Buku ini juga megemukakan data baru pada interaksi karbon / nitrogen menunjukkan bahwa, dari
penangkapan cahaya untuk sintesis asam amino dan ekspor karbon dan nitrogen, banyak substrat,
intermediet dan produk yang dipantau oleh sel dan informasi yang ditransduksi menjadi peraturan di
tingkat ekspresi gen dan aktivitas enzim.
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