Thursday, October 22, 2015

Organ Transplantation 2nd Edition







Organ Transplantation 2nd Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2003  oleh  Landes Bioscience GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A.
adalah buku Edisi Kedua.


Judul:  Organ Transplantation 2nd Edition
Oleh:  Frank P. Stuart, M.D. et al. (Editor)
Penerbit:   Landes Bioscience GEORGETOWN, TEXAS U.S.A.
Tahun: 2003
Jumlah Halaman:  637  hal.


Editor:
Frank P. Stuart, M.D.
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Michael M. Abecassis, M.D., M.B.A.
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Dixon B. Kaufman, M.D., Ph.D.
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.

Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini mengemukakan bahwa Transplantasi organ semakin kompleks dan pada saat yang sama
semakin efektif. Daftar tunggu memanjang untuk organ cadaver sekarang melebihi pasokan beberapa kali lipat. Meskipun tinggi profil, tidak lebih dari 25.000 organ yang ditransplantasikan setiap tahun di Amerika Serikat dengan populasi 270 juta. Kebanyakan dokter berlatih menghadapi hanya sebuah penerima transplantasi beberapa saat tahun praktek. Buku ini ditulis lebih cepat, namun komprehensif, referensi bagi mahasiswa kedokteran, warga, rekan-rekan, perawat, dan dokter praktek yang antarmuka sebentar-sebentar dengan penerima dan tim transplantasi. Buku Ini berisi 21  bab dan dua belas esai; bersama-sama mereka menyajikan standar praktek dan juga isu-isu kontroversial seperti dilema etika  daftar tunggu yang panjang, ketidakpatuhan dengan imunosupresi jangka panjang, hubungan antara akut dan penolakan kronis, organ hidup donor, donor cadaver lebih tua, nefrektomi laparoskopi, retransplantation, kriteria bank organ dan jaringan transplantasi nasional untuk mengalokasikan organ untuk calon penerima, dan janji xenotransplantasi. Lampiran I berisi informasi rinci tentang obat imunosupresif.

Daftar Isi:   
1.     Immunologic Concepts  1

        Philip F. Halloran, Thomas D. Batiuk, Nelson Goes and Patricia M. Campbell
        Introduction  1
        The Fate of Allografts  1
        The Principal Molecules of Allorecognition   3
        T-Cell Recognition And Triggering   13
        Specific Immune Responses of T Cells and B Cells  18
        Organization of Inflammation  22
        Changes in the Target Tissue  26
        Target Injury   27
        Host And Graft Adaptation  30
        Chronic Rejection   2
2.     Overview of Living and Deceased Organ Donors, Immunosuppression and Outcomes  44
        Frank P. Stuart
        Origins of Immunosuppression and Solid Organ Transplantation  44
        Cadaveric Donors  46
        Living Donors    51
        Immunosuppression  54
        Steroid Free Immunosuppression  61
        Outcomes   62
3.    Organ Allocation in the United States   66
        Frank P. Stuart and Michael Abecassis
        The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA)  66
        Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs)  66
        The Division of Transplantation (DOT)  66
        The Organ Center   71
        Allocation of Abdominal Organs  72
        Increasing Disparity Between Organ Supply and Waiting Lists   72
        Recent Developments   73
4.    Organ Procurement Organizations 74
        Stephen D. Haid, James A. Kisthard and Jarold A. Anderson
        Introduction   74
        Legislation and Regulation  75
        OPO Functions   80
        The Organ Procurement Process   83
        Initiatives to Increase Donation  88
        Discussion  91
5.     Procurement and Short-Term Preservation of Cadaveric Organs   93
        Anthony M. D’Alessandro and James H. Southard
        Organ Donation   93
        Determination of Death  93
        Evaluation and Selection of Donors   95
        The Expanded Donor   97
        Donor Resuscitation and Stabilization 97
        Coordination of Multiorgan Retrieval    99
        Surgical Techniques of Organ Procurement    99
        Safe Transport of Organs   103
        Short-Term Organ Preservation   103
        Clinical Organ Preservation   104
        Renal Preservation   104
        Pancreas Preservation   104
        Liver Preservation   104
        Heart and Lung Preservation   105
        Strategies to Minimize Ischemic Damage   105
        Conclusion   106
6.     Kidney Transplantation  107
        Dixon B. Kaufman, Illustrations by Simon Kimm
        Introduction   107
        The Evaluation of Candidates For Kidney Transplantation  109
        Cadaver and Living Kidney Donation   120
        Transplantation Surgery and Post-Surgical Considerations  123
        Renal Allograft Parenchymal Dysfunction  132
        Transplant Nephrectomy   136
        Immunosuppression For Kidney Transplantation  138
        Outcomes of Kidney Transplantation  146
        Summary  152
7.     Pancreas Transplantation  154
        Dixon B. Kaufman, Illustrations by Simon Kimm
        Rationale of Pancreas Transplantation for Patients
        with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus   154
        Indications and Contraindications to Pancreas Transplantation  155
        Evaluation of Candidates for Pancreas Transplantation  158
        Transplant Surgery and Surgical Complications  159
        Immunological Aspects of Pancreas Transplantation   173
        Results of Pancreas Transplantation  177
8.     Islet Transplantation   183
        Dixon B. Kaufman, Bernhard J. Hering, Illustrations by Simon Kimm
        Introduction  183
        Rationale of Islet Transplantation for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes   183
        Human Clinical Trials of Islet Transplantation 184
        Indications and Contraindications to Islet Transplantation   185
        HumaN Islet Processing, Production Testing and Transplantation  190
        Posttransplant Management  195
        Future Directions   199
9.     Liver Transplantation  205
        Michael Abecassis, Andres Blei, Alan Koffron, Steven Flamm, and Jonathan Fryer
        Introduction   205
        Liver Transplantation for Patients with Chronic Liver Disease   210
        Pathophysiology of Chronic Liver Disease  211
        Selection Criteria and Listing Process   216
        Clinical Management While Awaiting Liver Transplantation  217
        Recipient Operation   217
        Standard Surgical Technique   219
        Alternative Techniques    222
        Immediate Postoperative Care   224
        Investigation of Liver Function Test Abnormalities   226
        Postoperative Care    232
10.   Intestinal Transplantation  244
        Jonathan P. Fryer
        History    244
        Indications    244
        Contraindications   245
        Pretransplant Recipient Evaluation   246
        Donor Evaluation and Management  246
        Donor Procurement   248
        Recipient Procedure    250
        Postoperative Management   252
        Postoperative Surveillance   253
        Posttransplant Function   255
        Patient and Graft Survival   256
        Morbidity   257
        Mortality   258
        Future Directions   258
        Summary   258
11.   Heart Transplantation  61
        Keith A. Horvath and David A. Fullerton
        Introduction   261
        Pretransplant Management of the Recipient   261
        Indications   262
        Contraindications   267
        Transplant Operation 267
        Postoperative Management  272
        Immunosuppression  272
        Rejection   274
        Outcomes   275
12.   Lung Transplantation  280
        Alberto de Hoyos and Matthew Blum
        Introduction  280
        Indications   280
        Recipient Selection   281
        Donor Selection    283
        Chioce of Procedure   284
        Donor Lung Extraction and Preservation   285
        Technique of Lung Transplantation  287
        Post-Operative Management  293
        Bronchial Anastomotic Complications   298
        Follow-Up Strategies and Procedures Required in Lung Transplant Recipients   300
        Rejection in the Lung Transplant Recipient   301
        Results of Lung Transplantation  304
13.  Pediatric Transplantation   309
    Part A: Heart Transplantation  309
    Carl L. Backer, Elfriede Pahl, Constantine Mavroudis
        History   309
        Indications for Heart Transplantation in Children   309
        Donor Selection and Procurement   311
        Operative Techniques of Implant  312
        Postoperative Management   313
        Immunosuppression   314
        Rejection Surveillance and Treatment.  316
        Childhood Diseases   317
        Outcomes and Late Complications   317
        Conclusions  318
    Part B: Kidney Transplantation   321
    P. Stephen Almond
        Causes of Kidney Failure   321
        Recipient Evaluation   322
        Pretransplant management  324
        Anesthetic Considerations  325
        Transplant Procedure  325
        Recovery  325
        Immunosuppression  326
        Rejection   327
        Radiologic Considerations  327
        Early Surgical Complications   328
        Early Outpatient Care   329
        Recurrence of Disease   329
        Long-term Outcome  329
    Part C: Liver Transplantation   333
    Estella M. Alonso, Riccardo A. Superina
        Causes of Liver Failure Unique to Children  333
        Recipient Evaluation, Selection Criteria, Listing Process   333
        Anesthetic Considerations   335
        Transplant Procedure and IntrAoperative Considerations  335
        Recovery and Intensive Care  337
        In-Patient Care After ICU   338
        Special Consideration for Immunosuppression 338
        Assessment of Graft Function, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rejection    339
        Diagnostic Radiology  340
        Interventional Radiology Considerations  340
        Early Surgical Complications  341
        Overall Results  344

    Part D: Pediatric Lung Transplantation 347
    David A. Fullerton
        Introduction  347
        Indications for Lung Transplantation  347
        Pretransplant Management  349
        Transplant Procedure  349
        Postoperative Management  351
        Immunosuppression  351
        Rejection   352
        Surgical Complications . 352
        Outcomes  352
14.  Anesthesia for Organ Transplantation 355
        Andre DeWolf, Yoogoo Kang and Laurence Sherman
        Liver Transplantation 355
        Anesthetic Management  358
        Intraoperative Care  360
        Heart Transplantation  365
        Lung Transplantation  370
        Kidney Transplantation  373
        Pancreas Transplantation  376
15.   Psychiatric Issues in Organ Transplantation 378
        John E. Franklin and Roslyn M. Paine
        General Psychosocial Issues in Transplantation  378
        The Differential of Common Psychiatric Disorders in Transplantation  383
        Neuropsychiatric Side Effects of Common Transplant Medications. 391
        Psychotropic Medications  392
        Special Issues in Organ Transplantation  394
        Conclusion  398
16.   Infections in Transplant Recipients 399
        Valentina Stosor
        Introduction  399
        Bacterial Infections  402
        Mycobacterial Infections  409
        Fungal Infections  411
        Viral Infections  416
        Parasitic Infections  423
        Vaccination in Transplant Recipients  424
17.   Early Medical Problems Common to Many Recipients 426
        Joseph P. Leventhal and William A. Schlueter
        Early Medical Problems Common to Many Recipients  426
        Renal Transplantation  426
        Hemodialysis  429
        Hyperkalemia  431
        Hypomagnesemia 432
        Hypophosphatemia  433
        Ocular Disease  433
        Muscle Weakness  434
        Nonmalignant Skin Disease  434
        Hyper- and Hypocalcemia  435
        Hypochloremic Metabolic Acidosis  435
18.   Late Complications of Transplantation 437
        Bruce Kaplan and Herwig-Ulf Meier-Kriesche
        Chronic Allograft Nephropathy  437
        Hypertension  439
        Hyperlipidemia  441
        Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus  442
        Recurrent Renal Disease  442
        Pregnancy  443
        Posttransplant Erythrocytosis (PTE) 444
        Posttransplant Malignancies  444
19.   Organ Transplantation Finance  448
        Michael M. Abecassis, Dixon B. Kaufman and Frank P. Stuart
        Introduction  448
        Medicare Reimbursement Basics  448
        Transplantation Market Overview  454
        Business Fundamentals  455
        Conclusions  460
20.   Regulatory and Fiscal Relationships between Transplant Centers and Transplant 
        Surgeons/Physicians 461
        Frank P. Stuart, Michael M. Abecassis and Dixon B. Kaufman
        Introduction  461
        Review  461
21.   Pregnancy and Transplantation  468
        Vincent T. Armenti, Michael J. Moritz, John S. Radomski, Gary A. Wilson, William J. 
        Gaughan,  Lisa A. Coscia and John M. Davison
        Introduction  468
        Immunosuppression During Pregnancy   468
        Reports of Pregnancy Outcomes in Female Transplant Recipients  469
        Pregnancies Fathered by Male Transplant Recipients  475
        Obstetric Management Issues  475
    Essay 1: Dominant Transplantation Tolerance  479
       
Luis Graca and Herman Waldmann
    Essay 2: Antigen Receptor Revision as a Mechanism of Peripheral T Cell Tolerance 489

        Cristine J. Cooper and Pamela J. Fink
    Essay 3: T Cell Autoreactivity by Design: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding 
    Tolerance, Autoimmunity and Transplant Rejection 500
      
  Peter S. Heeger
    Essay 4: Male Infertility in the Transplant Patient  512
       
Robert E. Brannigan and Robert Nadler
    Essay 5: Spontaneous and Transplanted Malignancy  520
       
Israel Penn
    Essay 6: Retransplantation of Vital Organs   528
     
   Susan M. Lerner, Paige Porrett, James F. Markmann, and Ronald W. Busuttil
    Essay 7: Noncompliance with Immunosuppressive Regimens  539
       
Thomas E. Nevins and Arthur J. Matas
    Essay 8: Relationship between Acute and Chronic Rejection 546
       
Abhinav Humar and Arthur J. Matas
    Essay 9: Elective and Emergency Surgery in the Stable Transplant Recipient  550
      
  Amy L. Friedman, Giacomo P. Basadonna and Marc I. Lorber
    Essay 10: Dental Issues before and after Organ Transplantation 560
       
Peter Hurst
    Essay 11: The Living Organ Donor: Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy    566
      
  Joseph R. Leventhal
    Essay 12: Xenotransplantation  573
       
Jonathan P. Fryer, Joseph R. Leventhal

Appendix I   589
Index    613


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