Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention Second Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2008 oleh Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg adalah buku Edisi Kedua.
Judul: Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention Second Edition
Pengarang: David S. Alberts, et al
Penerbit: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Tahun: 2008
Jumlah Halaman: 542 hal.
Author:
David S. Alberts, M.D.
Arizona Cancer Center
University of Arizona
Campbell Avenue
Tucson, USA
dalberts@azcc.arizona.edu
Lisa M. Hess, Ph.D.
Arizona Cancer Center
University of Arizona
Campbell Avenue
Tucson, USA
hess@u.arizona.edu
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Tujuan buku adalah untuk mengurangi insiden, morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat kanker melalui identifikasi dan penghapusan lesi prakanker (disebut neoplasias intraepithelial Oriens) dan / atau deteksi dini kanker invasif minimal. Buku ini memprioritaskan upaya pencegahan kanker dan kontrol.
Meskipun penurunan baru-baru ini di tingkat insiden dan kematian, kanker tetap merupakan penyakit terkemuka penyebab kematian di antara mereka yang di bawah usia 85. Di AS, kanker menyumbang hampir 60.000 lebih banyak kematian setiap tahun dari penyakit jantung, penyebab utama kedua kematian pada populasi ini (Jemal et al. 2007).
Bagian pertama buku ini (bab. 2-10) menyediakan informasi mengenai isu-isu ekonomi dalam pencegahan kanker, diet dan risiko lingkungan, respon imun, pengembangan obat, peran teknologi telemedicine, dan pertimbangan budaya dalam pencegahan kanker. Bagian kedua dari buku ini (bab. 11-18) berfokus pada pencegahan kanker tertentu oleh situs asal dan menyediakan pembaca dengan diskusi tentang epidemiologi, skrining, dan pencegahan penyakit masing-masing, termasuk pedoman praktek serta teori-teori dan masa depan arah penelitian. Buku ini diakhiri dengan Chap. 19, pembahasan isu-isu spesifik untuk penderita kanker. Karena kemajuan pesat dalam penelitian pencegahan kanker, beberapa perubahan penting telah dilakukan untuk edisi kedua dari buku ini.
Daftar Isi:
1 Introduction to Cancer Prevention 1
D.S. Alberts, L.M. Hess
1.1 Summary of Changes to Second Edition 3
1.2 Overview of Cancer Prevention 4
1.3 Multi-Step Carcinogenesis Pathway 7
1.4 Cancer Prevention Research 8
References 11
2 Assessing Human and Economic Benefits of Cancer Prevention 13
S.J. Coons, B.M. Craig
2.1 Outcomes Assessment 13
2.2 Humanistic Outcomes 14
2.3 Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life and Other Patient-Reported Outcomes 15
2.4 Economic Outcomes and Cancer 20
2.5 Defining and Measuring Economic Outcomes 21
2.6 Evaluative and Descriptive Analyses in Cancer Prevention 23
2.7 Conclusion 26
References 26
3 The Role of Diet, Physical Activity and Body Composition in Cancer Prevention 31
C.A. Thomson, Z. Chen
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Recommendations for Cancer Prevention: Body Weight, Diet, and Physical Activity 32
3.3 Diet and Cancer Prevention: Review of Evidence 33
3.4 Clearing the Muddied Waters: The Need for Improved Study Designs 36
3.5 Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention 38
3.6 Body Weight and Body Composition and Cancer Prevention 41
3.7 Lifestyle and Cancer Survivorship 43
3.8 Body Weight and Cancer Survival 44
3.9 Survivorship and Diet 45
3.10 Physical Activity and Cancer Survivorship 47
3.11 Optimizing Bone Health 49
3.12 Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Modified by Lifestyle Factors 53
3.13 Biological Mechanisms by Which Physical Activity May Reduce Cancer Risk 58
3.14 Advancing the Guidelines for Cancer Preventive Lifestyle 60
3.15 Tools for Research and Clinical Practice 62
3.16 Measuring Diet 62
3.17 Assessment of Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure 64
3.18 Measurement of Body Composition 66
3.19 Measurement of Bone Health 68
3.20 Conclusion 69
References 71
4 Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Cancer 79
K.T. Hastings
4.1 Importance of the Immune System in Cancer Prevention 79
4.2 Innate Immune Responses to Cancer 81
4.3 Adaptive Immune Response 89
4.4 Immunotherapy for Cancer Prevention 101
References 102
5 Hereditary Risk for Cancer 109
K.S. Hunt, J.A. Ray
5.1 Cancer as a Genetic Disorder 109
5.3 Cancer as a Hereditary Disease 112
5.4 Common Hereditary Cancer Syndromes 114
5.5 Genetic Counseling 121
5.6 Genetic Testing b125
5.7 Cancer Screening, Surveillance and Prophylactic Management for Hereditary Cancer
Syndromes 128
5.8 Conclusion 131
References 131
6 Human Categories and Health: The Power of the Concept of Ethnicity 137
K. Coe, C.T. Palmer
6.1 Introduction 137
6.2 Background 138
6.3 Race and the Failure of Attempts to Define Ethnicity 139
6.4 The Interactive View of Human Development 142
6.5 The Interactive View of Development and Health 145
6.6 Identifying Ethnicity Using Proxy Measures 149
6.7 Ethnicity and Health 150
6.8 Applications to Disparity Research 152
6.9 Conclusion 154
References 155
7 Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Cancer Prevention 159
L.K. Larkey, H. Greenlee, L.E. Mehl-Madrona
7.1 CAM and Cancer Prevention Research 160
7.2 Botanical Agents: Foods, Spices, and Herbs 161
7.3 The Mind–Body Connection 165
7.4 Indigenous Cultural Systems of Healing 171
7.5 Conclusions 178
References 180
8 Telemedicine in Cancer Prevention 191
A.M. Lopez, L. Kreykes
8.1 What is Telemedicine? 191
8.2 Telemedicine in Cancer Care 192
8.3 Primary Cancer Prevention 193
8.4 Secondary Prevention 196
8.5 Educating the Community Health Worker 201
8.6 Future Directions 202
References 202
9 The Drug Development Process 205
N.E. McKenzie
9.1 Selecting New Molecular Entities for Development as Chemopreventive Agents 206
9.2 Regulatory Requirements and the US Food and Drug Administration 207
9.3 The Investigational New Drug Application 208
9.4 Phases of Clinical Research 210
9.5 Good Clinical Practice 211
9.6 The New Drug Application 212
9.7 Conclusion 212
References 213
10 Developing Topical Prodrugs for Skin Cancer Prevention 215
E.L. Jacobson, H. Kim, M. Kim, G.T. Wondrak, M.K. Jacobson
10.1 Strategies for Intervention 216
10.2 Strategy 1: Preventing DNA Damage 217
10.3 Strategy 2: Enhancing DNA Repair 221
10.4 Strategy 3: Preventing Photoimmune Suppression 222
10.5 Strategy 4: Enhancing the Epidermal Barrier 223
10.6 Innovative Agents for Skin Cancer Prevention are Needed 224
10.7 Topical Delivery: The Cornerstone of a Skin Damage Prevention Strategy 225
10.8 Developing a Niacin Prodrug as a Potential Skin Cancer Prevention Agent 228
10.9 Clinical Development of Tetradecyl Nicotinate (Nia-114) 231
10.10 Summary 233
References 234
11 Skin Cancer Prevention 239
M. Lluria-Prevatt, D.S. Alberts
11.1 Epidemiology of Skin Cancer 239
11.2 Risk Factors 241
11.3 Screening and Early Detection 245
11.4 Prevention of Skin Cancer . 246
11.5 Conclusion 274
References 275
12 Colorectal Cancer Prevention 291
A. Ismail, E. Gerner, P. Lance
12.1 Epidemiology 292
12.2 Risk Factors 293
12.3 Screening and Early Detection 295
12.4 Chemoprevention 303
References 308
13 Lung Cancer Prevention 313
I. Hakim, L. Garland
13.1 The Epidemiology of Lung Cancer 313
13.2 Etiology of Lung Carcinogenesis 317
13.3 Cell Proliferation and Lung Carcinogenesis 319
13.4 Apoptosis and Lung Carcinogenesis 320
13.5 Genetic Factors in Carcinogen Metabolism 320
13.6 DNA Hypermethylation and Lung Carcinogenesis 321
13.7 Risk Factors for Lung Cancer 322
13.8 Screening for Early Detection 327
13.9 Chemoprevention 330
13.10 Conclusion 336
References 337
14 Breast Cancer Prevention c347
P.A. Thompson, A.T. Stopeck
14.1 Introduction 347
14.2 Etiology 348
14.3 Changing Patterns of Breast Cancer Incidence 348
14.4 Established Breast Cancer Risk Factors 351
14.5 Prior Breast Health History 359
14.6 Lifestyle Risk Factors 361
14.7 Risk Factors and Tumor Subtypes 361
14.8 Emerging Breast Cancer Risk Factors for Patient Management 362
14.9 Environmental Risk Factors 363
14.10 Screening and Early Detection 363
14.11 Breast Self Exam (BSE) and Clinical Breast Exam (CBE) 364
14.12 Mammography 364
14.13 Alternative Screening Modalities and Future Directions 365
14.14 Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer 366
14.15 Chemoprevention 367
14.16 Risk Assessment and Clinical Applications 372
14.17 Conclusion 375
References 376
15 Prostate Cancer Prevention 387
S. Stratton, F. Ahmann
15.1 Prevention of Prostate Carcinogenesis 387
15.2 Epidemiology and Risk Factors. 389
15.3 Risk Factors 390
15.4 Screening 393
15.5 Molecular Markers of Prostate Carcinogenesis 394
15.6 Prevention Strategies 401
15.7 Conclusion 410
References 413
16 Cervical Cancer Prevention 423
F. Garcia, T. Nuno, A.L. Mitchell
16.1 Incidence and Mortality of Cervical Cancer 423
16.2 Etiology of Cervical Cancer 424
16.3 Natural History of Cervical Cancer 425
16.4 Co-Factors for Cervical Cancer 427
16.5 Viral Persistence 428
16.6 Screening and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer 429
16.7 Therapeutic Approach to Precursor Lesions of Cervical Cancer 432
16.8 Novel Agents for Cervical Cancer Prevention 433
16.9 Conclusion 438
References 438
17 Ovarian Cancer Prevention 447
S.K. Chambers, L.M. Hess
17.1 Epidemiology 447
17.2 Histopathology 449
17.3 Risk Factors for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer 450
17.4 Early Detection and Prevention of Ovarian Cancer 457
17.5 Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer 462
17.6 Quality of Life 463
17.7 Conclusion 467
References 467
18 Endometrial Cancer Prevention 475
F. Garcia, S.K. Chambers
18.1 Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer 475
18.2 Types of Endometrial Cancer 476
18.3 Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer 478
18.4 Genetic Factors in Endometrial Cancer 483
18.5 Screening and Early Detection of Endometrial Cancer 486
18.6 Conclusion 488
References 488
19 Cancer Survivorship 495
R. Krouse, N.M. Aziz
19.1 Prevalence 496
19.2 Survivorship as a Scientific Discipline 498
19.3 Prevention 498
19.4 Smoking Cessation 499
19.5 Acute Effects of Treatment 500
19.6 Long-Term and Late Effects of Cancer Treatment 503
19.7 Generalizations 505
19.8 Physiologic Sequelae of Cancer and Its Treatment 507
19.9 Advanced Illness 514
19.10 Future Directions 515
References 520
Index 529
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