Monday, November 2, 2015

Science and decisions : advancing risk assessment







Science and decisions : advancing risk assessment
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2009  The National Academies Press, Washington DC, adalah buku edisi Pertama.



Judul:  Science and decisions : advancing risk assessment
 Oleh:  Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA
Penerbit:   The National Academies Press, Washington DC
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman: 423 hal.

Penulis:
Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA

Lingkup Pembahasan:

Pembahasan buku ini mencakup Evolusi dan penggunaan Penilaian Risiko DI BADAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN: Saat Praktek  dan Prospek Masa Depan.  Risiko Desain Penilaian. Ketidak pastian dan Variabilitas: Elemen berulang dan bandel. Resiko  Penilaian.  Menuju Sebuah Pendekatan Unified untuk Dosis Penilaian-Response. Seleksi dan Penggunaan Default. Melaksanakan Penilaian dengan Resiko Komulatif.  Meningkatkan utilitas dari risiko penilaian.  Peningkatan pengambilan keputusan berbasis risiko.

Daftar Isi:

SUMMARY 3
1  Introduction 15
    Background, 16
    Challenges, 17
    Traditional and Emerging Views of the Roles of Risk Assessment, 18
    Technical Impediments to Risk Assessment, 20
    Improving Risk Analysis, 21
    The National Research Council Committee, 22
    Organization of the Report, 23
    References, 24

2  Evolution and use of Risk Assessment IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 
    AGENCY: Current Practice AND Future Prospects 26
    Overview, 26
    Statutory Plan and Regulatory Structure, 27
    The Pivotal Role of the Red Book, 29
    Current Concepts and Practices, 36
    Institutional Arrangements for Managing the Process, 47
    Extramural Influences and Participants, 53
    Conclusions and Recommendations, 57
    References, 59
3  The Design of Risk Assessments 65
    Risk Assessment As a Design Challenge, 65
    Design Considerations: Objectives, Constraints, and Tradeoffs, 68
    Environmental Protection Agency’s Current Guidance Related to Risk-Assessment Design, 73
    Incorporating Value-of-Information Principles in Formative and Iterative Design, 80
    Conclusions, 89
    Recommendations, 90
    References, 90
4  UNCERTAINTY AND VARIABILITY: THE RECURRING AND RECALCITRANT 
    ELEMENTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT 93
    Introduction to the Issues and Terminology, 93
    Uncertainty in Risk Assessment, 97
    Variability and Vulnerability in Risk Assessment, 108
    Uncertainty and Variability in Specific Components of Risk Assessment, 113
    Principles for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability, 119
    Recommendations, 121
    References, 122
5 Toward A Unified Approach TO Dose -Response Assessment 127
    The Need for an Improved Dose-Response Framework, 127
    A Unified Framework and Approach for Dose-Response Assessment, 135
    Case Studies and Possible Modeling Approaches, 151
    Implementation, 173
    Conclusions and Recommendations, 177
    References, 182
6  SELECTION AND USE OF Defaults 188
    Current Environmental Protection Agency Policy on Defaults, 189
    The Environmental Protection Agency’s System of Defaults, 193
    Complications Introduced by Use of Defaults, 195
    Enhancements of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Default Approach, 198
    Performing Multiple Risk Characterizations for Alternative Models, 205
    Conclusions and Recommendations, 207
    References, 208
7  IMPLEMENTING CUMULATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 213
    Introduction and Definitions, 213
    History of Cumulative Risk Assessment, 216
    Approaches to Cumulative Risk Assessment, 219
    Key Concerns and Proposed Modifications, 223
    Recommendations, 235
    References, 237
8  Improving the utility of risk assessment 240
    Beyond the Red Book, 241
    A Decision-Making Framework that Maximizes the Utility of Risk Assessment, 242
    The Framework: An Overview, 245
    Additional Improvements Offered by the Framework, 251
    Potential Concerns Raised by the Framework, 253
    Conclusions and Recommendations, 255
    References, 256
9  TOWARD improved risk-based decision-making 258
    Transition to the Framework for Risk-Based Decision-Making, 259
    Institutional Processes, 259
    Leadership and Management, 262
    Conclusions and Recommendations, 262
    References, 271
Appendixs
A     Biographic Information on the Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 275
B     Statement of Tas k OF the Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 281
C     Timeline of Selected ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Risk-Assessment
        Activities 283
D     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Response to Recommendations FROM
        SELECTED NRC REPORTS: Policy, activity, and Practice 299
E      ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Pro gram and Region Responses to Questions
        from the Committee 367
F      Case STUDIES OF THE Framework for risk-based decision-making 399

  
Berminat?
Email: zanetapm@gmail.com


Science and decisions : advancing risk assessment Rating: 4.5 Diposkan Oleh: Unknown

0 comments:

Post a Comment