Cognitive Psychology A Student’s Handbook
Buku Ini pertama kali diterbitkan pertama kali tahun 2000 Psychology Press, Ltd. Kemudian terbit yang ke dua tahun 2001, 2002, dan buku ini merupakan edisi 4 terbit tahun 2003.
Judul: Cognitive Psychology A Student’s Handbook 4th Edition
Oleh: Michael W. Eysenck, et al
Penerbit: Psychology Press, Ltd.
Tahun: 2003
Jumlah Halaman: 703 hal.
Penulis:
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Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini mengemukakan semua proses dan struktur dari sistem kognitif saling bergantung. Kata-kata italicised dalam suatu paragraf menunjukkan beberapa bahan utama kognisi manusia, dan membentuk dasar dari cakupan psikologi kognitif. Mengingat fungsi saling bergantung dari semua aspek dari sistem kognitif, ada penekanan dalam buku ini tentang cara-cara di mana setiap proses (misalnya, persepsi) tergantung pada proses lainnya dan struktur (misalnya, perhatian, ingatan jangka panjang; disimpan representasi). Ini harus membantu tugas membuat rasa kompleksitas sistem kognitif manusia.
Buku ini terdiri atas 19 Bab. Bab 1 Pendahuluan mengemukakan tentang Kognitif secara umum. Bab 2 Persepsi visual: Dasar proses. Bab 3 Persepsi, gerakan, dan tindakan. Bab 4 Pengenalan Objek. Bab 5 Perhatian dan keterbatasan kinerja. Bab 6 Memori: Struktur dan Proses. Bab 7 Teori Memori Jangka Panujang. Bab 8 Memori dalam Kehidupan Sehari-hari. Bab 9 Pengetahuan: Proposisi dan gambar.
Bab 10 Objek, Konsep., dan kategori. Bab 11 Persepsi Lisan dan Membaca. Bab 12 Pemahaman Bahasa. Bab 13 Produksi Bahasa. Bab 14 Pemecahan masalah: Puzzle, wawasan, dan keahlian. Bab 15 Kreativitas dan Penyelidikan. Bab 16 Penalaran dan Deduksi. Bab 17 Pertimbangan dan pengambilan keputusan. Bab 18 Kognisi dan Emosi. Bab 19 Saat ini dan Masa Depan.
Daftar Isi:
Preface xii
1. Introduction 1
Cognitive psychology as a science 1
Cognitive science 5
Cognitive neuropsychology 13
Cognitive neuroscience 18
Outline of this book 25
Chapter summary 26
Further reading 27
2. Visual perception: Basic processes 28
Introduction 28
Perceptual organisation 28
Depth and size perception 34
Colour perception 43
Brain systems 48
Chapter summary 56
Further reading 57
3. Perception, movement, and action 58
Introduction 58
Constructivist theories 59
Direct perception 64
Theoretical integration 68
Motion, perception, and action 70
Visually guided action 71
Perception of object motion 79
Chapter summary 87
Further reading 89
4. Object recognition 90
Introduction 90
Pattern recognition 91
Marr’s computational theory 96
Cognitive neuropsychology approach 106
Cognitive science approach 109
Face recognition 116
Chapter summary 128
Further reading 129
5. Attention and performance limitations 130
Introduction 130
Focused auditory attention 132
Focused visual attention 136
Divided attention 147
Automatic processing 155
Action slips 160
Chapter summary 165
Further reading 166
6. Memory: Structure and processes 167
Introduction 167
The structure of memory 167
Working memory 172
Memory processes 182
Theories of forgetting 187
Theories of recall and recognition 194
Chapter summary 203
Further reading 204
7. Theories of long-term memory 205
Introduction 205
Episodic and semantic memory 205
Implicit memory 208
Implicit learning 211
Transfer appropriate processing 213
Amnesia 216
Theories of amnesia 223
Chapter summary 234
Further reading 235
8. Everyday memory 236
Introduction 236
Autobiographical memory 238
Memorable memories 245
Eyewitness testimony 249
Superior memory ability 256
Prospective memory 261
Evaluation of everyday memory research 263
Chapter summary 264
Further reading 265
9. Knowledge: Propositions and images 266
Introduction 266
What is a representation? 267
What is a proposition? 270
Propositions: Objects and relations 271
Schemata, frames, and scripts 276
What is an image? Some evidence 282
Propositions versus images 287
Kosslyn’s computational model of imagery 293
The neuropsychology of visual imagery 298
Connectionist representations 299
Chapter summary 304
Further reading 305
10. Objects, concepts, and categories 306
Introduction 306
Evidence on categories and categorisation 307
The defining-attribute view 313
The prototype view 317
The exemplar-based view 320
Explanation-based views of concepts 322
Conceptual combination 325
Concepts and similarity 326
Evaluating theories of categorisation 331
Neurological evidence on concepts 332
Chapter summary 333
Further reading 334
11. Speech perception and reading 335
Introduction 335
Listening to speech 336
Theories of word recognition 340
Cognitive neuropsychology 345
Basic reading processes 348
Word identification 352
Routes from print to sound 357
Chapter summary 365
Further reading 367
12. Language comprehension 368
Introduction 368
Sentence processing 368
Capacity theory 376
Discourse processing 379
Story processing 386
Chapter summary 397
Further reading 398
13. Language production 399
Introduction 399
Speech as communication 399
Speech production processes 401
Theories of speech production 403
Cognitive neuropsychology: Speech production 410
Cognitive neuroscience: Speech production 412
Writing: Basic processes 414
Cognitive neuropsychology: Writing 419
Speaking and writing compared 425
Language and thought 426
Chapter summary 428
Further reading 430
14. Problem solving: Puzzles, insight, and expertise 431
Introduction 431
Early research: The Gestalt school 433
Newell and Simon’s problem-space theory 438
Evaluating research on puzzles 446
Re-interpreting the Gestalt findings 449
From puzzles to expertise 452
Evaluation of expertise research 461
Learning to be an expert 461
Cognitive neuropsychology of thinking 465
Chapter summary 466
Further reading 467
15. Creativity and discovery 468
Introduction 468
Genius and talent 468
General approaches to creativity 469
Discovery using mental models 473
Discovery by analogy 476
Scientific discovery by hypothesis testing 480
Evaluating problem-solving research 483
Chapter summary 486
Further reading 487
16. Reasoning and deduction 488
Introduction 488
Theoretical approaches to reasoning 491
How people reason with conditionals 492
Abstract-rule theory 502
Mental models theory 506
Domain-specific rule theories 513
Probabilistic theory 515
Cognitive neuropsychology of reasoning 518
Rationality and evaluation of theories 519
Chapter summary 520
Further reading 521
17. Judgement and decision making 522
Introduction 522
Judgement research 523
Decision making 531
How flawed are judgement and decision making? 534
Chapter summary 535
Further reading 536
18. Cognition and emotion 537
Introduction 537
Does affect require cognition? 537
Theories of emotional processing 543
Emotion and memory 549
Emotion, attention, and perception 556
Conclusions on emotional processing 561
Chapter summary 563
Further reading 564
19. Present and future 565
Introduction 565
Experimental cognitive psychology 565
Cognitive neuropsychology 568
Cognitive science 570
Cognitive neuroscience 573
Present and future directions 575
Chapter summary 576
Further reading 577
Glossary 579
References 591
Author index 657
Subject index 680
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