The Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global Politics Eleventh Edition
Buku Ini adalah buku edisi kesebelas yang diterbitkan tahun 2012 oleh Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Judul: The Challenge of Democracy American Government in Global Politics Eleventh Edition
Oleh: Kenneth Janda, et al
Penerbit: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Tahun: 2012
Jumlah Halaman: 853 hal.
Penulis:
KENNETH JANDA
Northwestern University
JEFFREY M. BERRY
Tufts University
JERRY GOLDMAN
Northwestern University
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Sepanjang bab dari buku ini, memberikan perhatian khusus pada perubahan kebijakan oleh Presiden
Obama dan Kongres Demokrat. Program Troubled Asset Relief (TARP), bersama-sama dengan tindakan yang diambil oleh Federal Reserve Board, menstabilkan industri perbankan tertatih-tatih. Namun kritikus, termasuk gerakan tea party yang baru muncul, mengklaim TARP adalah wajib pajak '' bailout '' untuk menjalankan lembaga keuangan. $ 787.000.000.000 paket stimulus ekonomi pemerintah dan langkah-stimulus lain yang terkait lebih kecil membantu pergantian bangsa dari penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan positif. Konservatif, meskipun telah mengecam inisiatif ini merupakan sesuatu yang terlalu mahal dan menekankan utang jangka panjang yang dihasilkan yang jarus dibayar oleh generasi mendatang. Rencana reformasi layanan kesehatan Obama berupa asuransi kesehatan untuk hampir semua orang Amerika dan lembaga banyak lainnya akan membawa perubahan yang signifikan. Reformasi kesehatan adalah kebijakan baru yang paling kontroversial ditetapkan oleh Kongres, dan itu menghasilkan badai perdebatan. Konservatif percaya bahwa hal itu akan sangat merusak sistem perawatan kesehatan dan membebani negara dengan utang. Pembela menunjuk ke ketidaksetaraan mengganggu di mana banyak talyat Amerika tidak memiliki akses ke perawatan kesehatan karena mereka tidak memiliki asuransi.
Setiap bab dibahas detail kebijakan dan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintahan Obama selama dua tahun pertama di kantor. Setiap bab dalam buku ini dimulai dengan sketsa untuk menarik siswa
ke dalam substansi bab sambil menjelajahi tema buku. Bab 1 ('' Freedom, Order, atau Kesetaraan? '') Dibuka dengan perbandingan besar Depresi selama tahun 1930 dan Great resesi yang terjadi beberapa tahun terakhir ini. Dalam Bab 6 ('' The Media), mengemukakan tentang masa depan jurnalisme, mencatat penurunan sirkulasi surat kabar dan produksi dan munculnya agregasi berita internet. Akuntabilitas demokratis membutuhkan pers bersemangat yang bebas dan warga negara yang diinformasikan, tetapi tantangan dihadapi industri koran mungkin menimbulkan ancaman signifikan terhadap keduanya. Bab 15 ('' Order dan Kebebasan Sipil ''), mengemukakan penelitian oposisi siswa untuk menghormat bendera dan membacakan Ikrar Kesetiaan. Banyak guru akan mengakui bahwa hal ini diselesaikan oleh Mahkamah Agung di tengah-tengah Perang Dunia II, tapi itu hidup kembali pada tahun 2010. Sebuah masalah yang relatif baru, mengemudi sambil texting, adalah topik pada pembukaan Bab 17 ('' Pembuat kebijakan '').
Daftar isi:
Boxed Features xxi
Preface xxiii
PART I DILEMMAS OF DEMOCRACY
1 Freedom, Order, or Equality? 1
The Globalization of American Government 5
The Purposes of Government 7
A Conceptual Framework for Analyzing Government 13
The Concepts of Freedom, Order, and Equality 14
Two Dilemmas of Government 20
Ideology and the Scope of Government 22
American Political Ideologies and the Purpose of Government 27
SUMMARY 30
2 Majoritarian or Pluralist Democracy? 32
The Theory of Democratic Government 34
Institutional Models of Democracy 42
The Global Trend Toward Democracy 51
SUMMARY 56
PART II FOUNDATIONS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
3 The Constitution 58
The Revolutionary Roots of the Constitution 60
From Revolution to Confederation 70
From Confederation to Constitution 72
Selling the Constitution 86
Constitutional Change 90
An Evaluation of the Constitution 95
SUMMARY 98
4 Federalism 100
Theories and Metaphors 102
Federalism’s Dynamics 106
Ideology, Policymaking, and American Federalism 118
Ideology, Policymaking, and Federalism in Theory 119
Ideology, Policymaking, and Federalism in Practice 121
Federalism and Electoral Politics 123
Federalism and the American Intergovernmental System 125
Federalism and the International System 129
Federalism and Pluralism 132
SUMMARY 134
PART III LINKING PEOPLE WITH GOVERNMENT
5 Public Opinion and Political Socialization 136
Public Opinion and the Models of Democracy 139
The Distribution of Public Opinion 144
Political Socialization 147
Social Groups and Political Values 152
From Values to Ideology 159
Forming Political Opinions 164
SUMMARY 169
6 The Media 170
People, Government, and Communications 172
The Development of the Mass Media in the United States 173
Private Ownership of the Media 182
Government Regulation of the Media 186
Functions of the Mass Media for the Political System 190
Evaluating the Media in Government 199
SUMMARY 204
7 Participation and Voting 206
Democracy and Political Participation 208
Unconventional Participation 210
Participating Through Voting 222
Explaining Political Participation 232
Participation and Freedom, Equality, and Order 238
Participation and Freedom 238
Participation and Equality 238
Participation and the Models of Democracy 240
SUMMARY 241
8 Political Parties 242
Political Parties and Their Functions 244
A History of U.S. Party Politics 248
The American Two-Party System 258
Party Identification in America 264
Party Ideology and Organization 267
The Model of Responsible Party Government 275
SUMMARY 276
9 Nominations, Elections, and Campaigns 278
The Evolution of Campaigning 280
Nominations 284
Elections 293
Campaigns 300
Explaining Voting Choice 310
Campaigns, Elections, and Parties 316
SUMMARY 318
10 Interest Groups 320
Interest Groups and the American Political Tradition 322
How Interest Groups Form 326
Interest Group Resources 329
Lobbying Tactics 335
Is the System Biased? 342
SUMMARY 349
PART IV INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
11 Congress 350
The Origin and Powers of Congress 352
Electing Congress 354
How Issues Get on the Congressional Agenda 361
The Dance of Legislation: An Overview 362
Committees: The Workhorses of Congress 364
Leaders and Followers in Congress 369
The Legislative Environment 372
The Dilemma of Representation 376
Pluralism, Majoritarianism, and Democracy 378
SUMMARY 383
12 The Presidency 384
The Constitutional Basis of Presidential Power 386
The Expansion of Presidential Power 389
The Executive Branch Establishment 392
Presidential Leadership 396
The President as National Leader 408
The President as World Leader 414
SUMMARY 417
13 The Bureaucracy 418
Organization Matters 420
The Development of the Bureaucratic State 421
Bureaus and Bureaucrats 425
Administrative Policymaking: The Formal Processes 429
Administrative Policymaking: Informal Politics 434
Problems in Implementing Policy 437
Reforming the Bureaucracy: More Control or Less? 440
SUMMARY 445
14 The Courts 446
National Judicial Supremacy 448
The Organization of Courts 453
The Supreme Court 458
Judicial Recruitment 469
The Consequences of Judicial Decisions 477
The Courts and Models of Democracy 479
SUMMARY 483
PART V CIVIL LIBERTIES AND CIVIL RIGHTS
15 Order and Civil Liberties 484
The Bill of Rights 486
Freedom of Religion 488
Freedom of Expression 496
The Right to Bear Arms 506
Applying the Bill of Rights to the States 508
The Ninth Amendment and Personal Autonomy 517
SUMMARY 522
16 Equality and Civil Rights 524
Two Conceptions of Equality 526
The Civil War Amendments 527
The Roots of Racial Segregation 529
The Dismantling of School Segregation 530
The Civil Rights Movement 534
Civil Rights for Other Minorities 540
Gender and Equal Rights: The Women’s Movement 549
Affirmative Action: Equal Opportunity or Equal Outcome? 557
SUMMARY 564
PART VI MAKING PUBLIC POLICY
17 Policymaking 566
Government Purposes and Public Policies 568
The Policymaking Process 569
Fragmentation and Coordination 582
The Nonprofit Sector 589
SUMMARY 593
18 Economic Policy 594
Theories of Economic Policy 596
Public Policy and the Budget 606
Tax Policies 612
Spending Policies 616
Taxing, Spending, and Economic Equality 620
SUMMARY 626
19 Domestic Policy 628
The Development of the American Welfare State 631
Social Security 635
Public Assistance 640
Health Care 646
Elementary and Secondary Education 653
Immigration 657
Benefits and Fairness 659
SUMMARY 661
20 Global Policy 662
Making Foreign Policy: The Constitutional Context 664
Making Foreign Policy: Organization and Cast 670
A Review of U.S. Foreign Policy 677
Global Policy Issue Areas 686
The Public and Global Policy 694
SUMMARY 697
APPENDIX A-1
The Declaration of Independence A-1
The Constitution of the United States A-3
GLOSSARY A-19
REFERENCES A-29
INDEX OF REFERENCES A-85
INDEX A-94
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