Teaching Primary Science Promoting Enjoyment and Developing Understanding
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2010 Oleh Pearson Education Limited, adalah buku edisi Pertama.
Judul: Teaching Primary Science Promoting Enjoyment and
Developing Understanding
Oleh: Peter Loxley, et al
Penerbit: Pearson Education Limited
Tahun: 2010
Jumlah Halaman: 393 hal.
Penulis:
Peter Loxley, Lyn Dawes, Linda Nicholls dan Babs Dore
semua dosen senior di University of Northampton.
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian: Teori dan Praktek (Bab 1-7) dan Pengetahuan dan Ide Subjek untuk Praktek (Bab 8-19) untuk mengembangkan pemahaman tentang konsep-konsep ilmiah dan kunci pengajaran.
Bagian 1: Teori dan praktek meliputi 1) senang menemukan hal-hal 2) Pengorganisasian bagaimana anak-anak belajar Sains, 3) model Pemahaman Ilmiah dan mental, 4) Bicara untuk belajar Sains, 5) Permintaan Ilmiah dan penuh semangat ingin tahu, 6) Perencanaan dan menilai anak-anak dalam belajar Sains, 7) Asal-usul pengetahuan ilmiah.
Bagian 2: Subjek pengetahuan dan ide-ide untuk latihan mencakup 8) Bumi dan di luar Angkasa,
9) Energi dan kesejahteraan planet, 10) Interdependensi, 11) Keanekaragaman, 12) Adaptasi dan evolusi, 13) Kesehatan dan kesejahteraan, 14) Sifat partikel Zat, 15. Perubahan Zat, 16) Listrik dan magnet, 17) Tenaga dan gerak, 18) Cahaya, 19) Suara.
Daftar Isi:
List of photos, illustrations and tables xiii
Guided tour xviii
Preface xxii
Acknowledgements xxiii
Publisher’s acknowledgements xxiv
Part 1: Theory and practice 1
Chapter 1 The pleasure of finding things out 3
Children’s attitudes to science 4
Insights into effective science teaching 6
The pleasure of finding things out 8
Storytelling and teaching 9
Summary 11
Further reading 12
Chapter 2 Organising how children learn science 13
A three-stage framework for learning science 14
Outline of the three-stage framework 15
An example of the three-stage framework 17
How the framework supports a storytelling approach 21
Summary 24
Chapter 3 Scientific understanding and mental models 25
Mental models and understanding 26
Talk underpins mental modelling 28
Learning to talk about the world in new ways 32
Behind every concept is a fascinating story 34
Summary 34
Further reading 35
Chapter 4 Talk for learning in science 36
The importance of talk for learning of science 37
Exploratory talk and its ground rules 38
Dialogic teaching and children’s ideas 39
Talking points: a strategy to promote effective talk 42
Summary 44
Further reading 44
Chapter 5 Scientific enquiry and the passionately curious 45
Science and discovery: what can we expect of children? 46
The outcomes of scientific enquiry 48
Scientific enquiry and its link to narrative 49
Scientific skills and attitudes 50
Types of scientific enquiry 52
Choosing contexts for scientific enquiry 57
Summary 60
Further reading 61
Chapter 6 Planning and assessing children’s science learning 62
The nature of formative assessment 63
The nature of summative assessment 68
Planning children’s science learning 69
Planning the exploratory stage: choosing strategies to elicit children’s ideas 71
Planning the re-describing stage: choosing strategies to help children make sense of the
scientific view 73
Planning the application stage: choosing strategies to promote the usefulness of the scientific
view 75
Some class management issues 77
Summary 77
Further reading and useful resources 78
Websites 78
Chapter 7 The origins of scientific knowledge 79
The nature of scientific knowledge 80
Early scientific theories 85
Christianity’s influence on the development of science 88
Galileo’s influence on the development of science 91
The new age of science 94
Summary 95
Further reading 96
Part 2: Subject knowledge and ideas for practice 97
Overview 97
Chapter 8 The Earth and beyond 99
Part 1: Subject knowledge 100
Historical context 100
A close-up view of the stars 100
How the universe was created 103
The structure of the solar system 104
Experiences related to the Earth, Moon and Sun 109
Summary 114
Part 2: Ideas for practice 115
Topic: Moon craters – Age group: Lower primary 115
Topic: Phases of the Moon – Age group: Upper primary 118
Information and teaching resources 123
Websites 123
Chapter 9 Energy and the well-being of the planet 124
Part 1: Subject knowledge 125
Historical context 125
Understanding energy 125
Types of energy 127
Energy sources 129
Summary 137
Part 2: Ideas for practice 139
Topic: Wind energy – Age group: Lower primary 139
Topic: Global warming – Age group: Upper primary 143
Information and teaching resources 147
Websites 148
Chapter 10 Interdependence 149
Part 1: Subject knowledge 150
Historical context 150
Growth in green plants 151
Feeding relationships 154
Decomposers – nature’s recyclers 157
Summary 159
Part 2: Ideas for practice 161
Topic: Food chains – Age group: Lower primary 161
Topic: Decomposers – Age group: Upper primary 165
Information and teaching resources 169
Websites 169
Chapter 11 Diversity 170
Part 1: Subject knowledge 171
Historical context 171
The characteristics shared by all living things 171
Life cycles 174
Why there is variation in the same species 176
Classification helps make sense of a complex world 178
Summary 179
Part 2: Ideas for practice 180
Topic: Living and non-living – Age group: Lower primary 180
Topic: Diversity amongst vertebrates – Age group: Upper primary 183
Information and teaching resources 187
Websites 187
Chapter 12 Adaptation and evolution 188
Part 1: Subject knowledge 189
Darwin’s theory of natural selection 189
Survival of the fittest and adaptation 194
Adaptation in flowering plants 196
Adaptation in animals 197
Effects of changing habitats 199
Summary 201
Part 2: Ideas for practice 202
Topic: Teeth and beaks – Age group: Lower primary 202
Topic: Body colours and patterns – Age group: Upper primary 206
Information and teaching resources 210
Websites 210
Chapter 13 Health and well-being 211
Part 1: Subject knowledge 212
Historical context 212
Animal growth 213
Animal nutrition – the digestive system 214
The cardiovascular system 218
Keeping healthy 220
Summary 222
Part 2: Ideas for practice 223
Topic: Healthy eating – Age group: Lower primary 223
Topic: Benefits of exercise – Age group: Upper primary 226
Information and teaching resources 230
Websites 230
Chapter 14 The particle nature of materials 231
Part 1: Subject knowledge 232
Historical context 232
Properties of materials 233
The particle model of matter 234
Reversible and physical changes 238
Summary 240
Part 2: Ideas for practice 241
Topic: Ice and water – Age group: Lower primary 241
Topic: Melting icebergs – Age group: Upper primary 245
Information and teaching resources 249
Websites 249
Chapter 15 Changing materials 250
Part 1: Subject knowledge 251
Historical context 251
Elements, compounds and mixtures 252
The periodic table 254
The formation of materials 255
Spectacular chemical reactions 258
Summary 260
Part 2: Ideas for practice 261
Topic: Making new materials – Age group: Lower primary 261
Topic: Burning and pollution – Age group: Upper primary 264
Information and teaching resources 268
Chapter 16 Electricity and magnetism 269
Part 1: Subject knowledge 270
Historical context 270
Static electricity 270
Electrical circuits 272
The mysteries of voltage explained 276
Electrical resistance 277
Links between magnetism and electricity 278
Summary 280
Part 2: Ideas for practice 281
Topic: Electric circuits – Age group: Lower primary 281
Topic: Series and parallel circuits – Age group: Upper primary 285
Information and teaching resources 288
Websites 288
Chapter 17 Forces and motion 289
Part 1: Subject knowledge 290
Historical context 290
Relationship between force and motion 290
Gravity and weight 292
Air resistance 294
Floating and sinking 296
Friction 297
Summary 298
Part 2: Ideas for practice 300
Topic: Friction – Age group: Lower primary 300
Topic: Air resistance – Age group: Upper primary 303
Information and teaching resources 308
Chapter 18 Light 309
Part 1: Subject knowledge 310
Historical context 310
The nature of light 311
How living things sense light 315
The language of light 320
Summary 321
Part 2: Ideas for practice 322
Topic: Shadows – Age group: Lower primary 322
Topic: How bees see the world – Age group: Upper primary 326
Information and teaching resources 329
Websites 329
Chapter 19 Sound 330
Part 1: Subject knowledge 331
Historical context 331
The nature of sound 332
Acoustics 336
Hearing sounds 337
Summary 339
Part 2: Ideas for practice 341
Topic: Detecting sound – Age group: Lower primary 341
Topic: How vibrations create sound – Age group: Upper primary 345
Information and teaching resources 349
Websites 349
References 350
Glossary 354
Index 360
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