Wednesday, June 10, 2015

Evidence-Based Educational Methods







Evidence-Based  Educational  Methods
Buku ini diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 2004  oleh  Elsevier Academic Press, California. Buku ini buku  edisi Pertama.


Judul:  Evidence-Based  Educational  Methods
Oleh:  Daniel J . Moran, et al
Penerbit:   Elsevier Academic Press, California
Tahun: 2004
Jumlah Halaman:  407  hal.

Penulis:
Daniel J. Moran
Richard W. Malott

Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini menjawab tantangan dengan menghadirkan prinsip dan aplikasi ilmiah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran manusia. Dekade sebelum era saat akuntabilitas, peneliti mengembangkan secara kuat penilaian dan metode pendidikan berdasarkan ilmu analisis perilaku.  Precision Teaching (PT), Direct Instruction (DI), Computerized Teaching (Computers), Personalized System of Instruction (PSI), dan aplikasi unik lainnya analisis perilaku (misalnya, rekan Bimbingan dan Instruksi generatif) yang semua diinformasikan oleh prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran ilmiah, Mereka telah berhasil diuji di laboratorium, dan banyak juga telah diuji dengan sukses di lapangan.
Buku ini dibagi menjadi lima bagian tentang masing-masing empat pendekatan tersebut: PT, DI, Komputer, dan PSI, dan aplikasi bagian lain untuk tambahan. Penting untuk dicatat bahwa prinsip-prinsip dan aplikasi dari semua lima bagian dapat disintesis menjadi satu kesatuan yang kohesif. Masing-masing dari bagian memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan orang lain, tetapi masing-masing juga membawa berbagai perspektif dan teknik untuk pendidikan berbasis bukti. Selain itu, bab ditulis oleh peneliti terkemuka pendidikan dari setiap domain. Individu dan lembaga yang bertanggung jawab untuk melaksanakan instruksi yang tidak meninggalkan anak-anak di belakang akan menemukan maka buku ini merupakan sumber penting untuk mencapai tujuan yang penting. Tidak hanya dapat guru dan administrator menggunakan buku ini sebagai panduan berharga untuk meningkatkan pendidikan, tetapi orang tua terlibat, pemimpin masyarakat, dan kelompok PTA dapat menggunakannya sebagai model bagaimana pendidikan bias dirumuskan dan tujuan bisa dicapai. Selain itu, siswa-guru dapat menggunakannya sebagai teks menunjukkan cetak biru untuk sistem pendidikan berbasis bukti yang direncanakan untuk masa depan.
Buku ini adalah ringkasan dari metode pembelajaran secara empiris diverifikasi yang dapat diintegrasikan dengan mulus ke dalam pendidikan umum dan khusus  dalam kurikulum. Buku ini unik menyatukan domain pendidikan yang terpisah oleh domain-domain dengan visi yang sama, sebuah filsafat pendidikan umum, dan prinsip-prinsip umum pembelajaran.


Daftar Isi

Contributors xix
Preface xxiii
1  Introduction to Evidence-Based Educational Methods
    1.     THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE-BASED EDUCATIONAL METHODS
            Daniel J. Moran
            Introduction 3
            No Child Left Behind 4
            Behavior Analysis and Education 5
    2.     REVIEWING THE OUTCOMES AND PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE 
            INSTRUCTION
            Laura D. Fredrick and John H. Hummel
            Introduction 9
            Precision Teaching 14
            Direct Instruction 15
            Programmed Instruction 17
            Personalized System of Instruction 18
            Summary and Conclusion 21
    3.     A REAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF EDUCATION
            R. Douglas Greer and Dolleen-Day Keohane
            Introduction 23
            The Need for a Strategic Science of Instruction 25
            Components of an Advanced and Sophisticated Science  and Technology of Instruction 28
            Cabas1: A Systems Technology of Schooling and a Strategic Science of Pedagogy 37
            Conclusion 41

2  Precision Teaching
    4.     PRECISION TEACHING: FOUNDATIONS AND CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS
            Charles Merbitz, Doreen Vieitez, Nancy Hansen Merbitz, and Henry S. Pennypacker
            Why Precision Teaching? 47
            The Chart 49
            Example of Precision Teaching Implementation 50
            Read a Chart 50
            Chart Features 52
            Another Chart Example: Middle School 55
            Learning /Celeration 58
            Precision Teaching’s Place in Teaching and Education 59
            Ethics and Precision Teaching Measures in Schools 60
    5.     PRECISION TEACHING: APPLICATIONS IN EDUCATION AND BEYOND
            Charles Merbitz, Doreen Vieitez, Nancy Hansen Merbitz, and Carl Binder
            Introduction 63
            Precision Teaching and Special Education 66
            Precision Teaching for Adult Learners in College and Pre-Vocational Training 68
            Precision Teaching Applications for Individuals with Various Disabilities 70
            Precision Teaching with Thoughts, Urges, and Other ‘‘Inner’’ Phenomena 74
            Precision Teaching, Computers, and Internet Resources 74
            Conclusions 76

3  Direct Instruction
    6.     DIRECT INSTRUCTION: THE BIG IDEAS
            Timothy A. Slocum
             Introduction 81
             Teaching Generalizable Strategies 82
             Instructional Programs that Powerfully and Systematically Build Skills 83
             Organize Instruction to Maximize High-Quality Instructional Interactions 87
             Research Related to Direct Instruction 91
    7.     TEACHER-MADE SCRIPTED LESSONS
             John H. Hummel, Martha L. Venn, and Philip L. Gunter
             Introduction 95
             Definition of Explicit Instruction 95
             Scripted Lessons 96
             Orient and Review 97
             Presentation of New Content 98
             Practice 99
             Formal Assessments 101
             Distributed Practice 105
             Positive Outcomes of Scripted Lessons 106

    8.     THE COMPETENT LEARNER MODEL: A MERGING OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR 
            ANALYSIS, DIRECT INSTRUCTION, AND PRECISION TEACHING
           Vicci Tucci, Daniel E. Hursh, and Richard E. Laitinen
            Introduction 109
            Applied Behavior Analysis and The Competent Learner Model 112
            Direct Instruction and the Competent Learner Model 114
            Precision Teaching and the Competent Learner Model 117
            The Components of the Competent Learner Model 117
            Evidence of the Impact of the Competent Learner Model 121

4  Computers and Teaching Machines
    9.    EFFECTIVE USE OF COMPUTERS IN INSTRUCTION
           Marcie N. Desrochers and G. David Gentry
           Introduction 127
           What are the Types of Instructional Software? 128
           What are the Features of EffectiveInstructional Software? 130
           What Makes Software Design Effective? 132
           What is the Evidence for the Effectiveness of Automated Instruction? 134
           How Should Particular Instructional Software be Evaluated? 137
           Conclusions 138

    10.  ADAPTIVE COMPUTERIZED EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY
           Roger D. Ray
           Undergraduate Teaching in the Modern University 143
           Undergraduate Teaching in Small Liberal Arts Colleges 145
           Computers and Adaptive Instruction 149
           Adaptive Control, Teaching, and Learning 151
           Adaptive Instruction 151
           Adaptive Testing 153
           Mediamatrix and its Current Use in Higher Education 154
           More on Adaptive Programmed Instruction: Parametrics of How Mediamatrix Works 159
           Assess and Certification Modes 159
           Instructor Options for Managing Student Contact with the Tutoring System 160
           Empirical Research on Mediamatrix Delivered Adaptive Instruction 161
           Higher Education’s Four Horsemen of its Apocalypse 165
           Conclusion 168
    11.  SELECTED FOR SUCCESS: HOW HEADSPROUT READING BASICSTM 
           TEACHES BEGINNING READING
           T. V. Joe Layng, Janet S. Twyman, and Greg Stikeleather
           Introduction 171
           Key Skills and Strategies Students and Teachers’ Best Friends 172
           Learning Methodologies: Foundational and Flexible 175
           Embracing the Burden of Proof: Headsprout’s Unparalleled Learner Testing 178
           Enabling Evolution: Headsprout’s Recombinant Teaching and Engineering Models 182
           Headsprout’s Internet Advantage: Broad Availability and Continuous Improvement 183
           Headsprout Reading basics: Empirical Data 183
           Instructional Adaptability 184
           Learner Performance Data 184
           Reading Outcomes 185
           Demonstrated Effective 192
           Educator Feedback 192
           Conclusion 195

5  Personalized System of Instruction
    12.  THE PERSONALIZED SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION: A FLEXIBLE AND 
           EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO MASTERY LEARNING
           Eric J. Fox
           Introduction 201
           History and Overview 202
           Effectiveness 206
           Flexibility 208
           Implementing PSI in the 21st Century 209
           Conclusion 216

    13.  MAKING THE MOST OF PSI WITH COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
           Joseph J. Pear, Toby L. Martin
           Introduction 223
           Computers in Higher Education 224
           A Brief History of CAPSI 224
           How CAPSI Utilizes Computer Capabilities 225
           Information-Processing Capabilities 226
           Refinements of CAPSI 230
           The Peer Review System at Work 237
           Comparison with Traditional Courses 241
           Comparison with Other Computer-Mediated Courses 241
           Expanding on Technology 242
           Research Studies on CAPSI 242

6  Significant Developments in Evidence-Based Education
    14.  THE MORNINGSIDE MODEL OF GENERATIVE INSTRUCTION: AN 
           INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH-BASED PRACTICES
           Kent Johnson and Elizabeth M. Street
           About Morningside Academy 247
           Current Work 248
           Morningside Teachers’ Academy 249
           Morningside Technology Transfer 249
           Philosophical and Empirical Underpinnings 250
           Generativity and Contingency Adduction 251
           A System of Instruction 252
           Establishing Objectives and Analyzing Content 252
           Program Placement and Monitoring Based on Continuous
           Measurement of Performance 261
           Classroom Management 262
           Empirical Data Supporting Technology Transfer of the Morningside
           Model of Generative Instruction 263
           Conclusion 264

    15.  LEARNING EFFICIENCY GOES TO COLLEGE
           Guy S. Bruce
           Introduction 267
           What is Learning Efficiency? 268
           Three Possible Causes of Poor Learning Efficiencies and Their Solutions 269
           Case Study: Evaluating Learning Efficiencies in a CPSY 101 Course 270
           What the Data Can Tell us about How to Improve Learning Efficiencies 272
           Learning Efficiency Goes to College 274
    16. TEACHING THE GENERIC SKILLS OF LANGUAGE AND COGNITION: 
          CONTRIBUTIONS FROM  RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY
          Yvonne Barnes-Holmes, Dermot Barnes-Holmes, and Carol Murphy
           Introduction 277
           Relational Frame Theory 279
           Research in Relational Frame Theory and its Implications for Education 283
           Summary and Conclusions 292
    17.  KEY INSTRUCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF EFFECTIVE PEER TUTORING FOR 
           TUTORS, TUTEES, AND PEER OBSERVERS
           R. Douglas Greer, Dolleen-Day Keohane, Katherine Meincke, Grant Gautreaux, 
           Jo Ann Pereira, Mapy Chavez-Brown, and Lynn Yuan
           Introduction 295
           Responding, Engagement, and an Effective Teacher Measure 297
           New Experimental Analyses of Components of Effective Tutoring: Brief Reports of Five
                Studies 301
          General Discussion 330
    18. TRAINING PROFESSIONALS USING SEQUENTIAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
          Tom Sharpe, Daniel Balderson, and Hosung So
          History and Introduction 335
          Scientific Methods 340
          Study Results 347
          Implications for Education and Professional Training 354
          A Future for Sequential Behavior Analysis 357
    19.  GRAMMAR AND WRITING SKILLS: APPLYING BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
          Marilyn B. Gilbert
          Neglected Writing Skills 361
          Methods of Teaching Writing 362
          Writing as a Performance 364
          Behavioral Strategies 365
          The Process of Writing 371
          A Last Word 373

Index 375


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