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Research Methods and Statistics






Research Methods and Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2009  oleh Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Australia  adalah buku edisi  Ketiga.


Judul:  Research Methodsm and Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach
Oleh:   Sherri L. Jackson
Penerbit:  Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Australia
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman:  449 hal.



Penulis:

Sherri L. Jackson
adalah Profesor Psikologi di Jacksonville University, di mana dia telah mengajar sejak tahun 1988. Pada JU, dia telah memenangkan Beasiswa  unggulan dan  Penghargaan Layanan Universitas,  Profesor universitas  of the Year Award pada tahun 2004, Woman of the Year Award pada tahun 2005, dan Kelembagaan Excellence Award di tahun 2007. Dia menerima nya NONA. dan Ph.D. di kognitif / psikologi eksperimental dari University of Florida. kepentingan penelitiannya termasuk penalaran manusia dan ajaran psikologi. Dia telah menerbitkan banyak artikel di kedua daerah. Pada tahun 1997, ia menerima hibah penelitian dari Kantor Pengajaran Sumber di Psikologi (APA Divisi 2) untuk mengembangkan A Ringkasan Psikologi Pengantar buku pelajaran 1997-2000.
Dia juga penulis Statistik: Plain dan sederhana (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2005) dan Metode Penelitian: A Modular Pendekatan (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2008).

Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini dimulai dengan bab tentang ilmu pengetahuan dan memulai dalam penelitian
(Bab 1 dan 2). masalah pengukuran dan metode deskriptif dan statistik kemudian ditutup, diikuti dengan metode korelasional dan statistik (Bab 3 sampai 6). pengujian hipotesis dan statistik inferensial diperkenalkan dalam Bab 7, diikuti oleh desain eksperimental dan sesuai statistik inferensial  untuk menganalisis desain seperti (Bab 8 sampai 11). Final tiga bab hadir kuasi-eksperimental dan satu-kasus desain (Bab 12), pedoman APA menulis (Bab 13), dan naskah sampel APA (Bab 14).

Daftar Isi:

1  Thinking Like a Scientist 1

    Areas of Psychological Research 3
    Sources of Knowledge 6
    The Scientific (Critical Thinking) Approach and Psychology 10
    Basic and Applied Research 13
    Goals of Science 14
    An Introduction to Research Methods in Science 15
    Doing Science 20
    Proof and Disproof 21
    The Research Process 22
    Summary 23
    KEY TERMS 23
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 23
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 24
    WEB RESOURCES 25
    Chapter 1 Study Guide 25
2  Getting Started: Ideas, Resources, and Ethics 28
    Selecting a Problem 29
    Reviewing the Literature 30
    Reading a Journal Article: What to Expect 36
    Ethical Standards in Research with Human Participants 38
    Ethical Standards in Research with Children 48
    Ethical Standards in Research with Animals 48
    Summary 52
    KEY TERMS 53
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 53
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 53
    WEB RESOURCES 53
    Chapter 2 Study Guide 54
3  Defining, Measuring, and Manipulating Variables 56
    Defining Variables 57
    Properties of Measurement 58
    Scales of Measurement 59
    Discrete and Continuous Variables 62
    Types of Measures 62
    Reliability 65
    Validity 70
    The Relationship Between Reliability and Validity 71
    Summary 73
    KEY TERMS 73
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 73
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 74
    WEB RESOURCES 74
    Chapter 3 Study Guide 75
4  Descriptive Methods 78
    Observational Methods 79
    Case Study Method 85
    Archival Method 85
    Qualitative Methods 86
    Survey Methods 87
    Summary 98
    KEY TERMS 98
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 99
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 99
    WEB RESOURCES 100
    LAB RESOURCES 100
    Chapter 4 Study Guide 100
5  Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics 103
    Organizing Data 104
    Descriptive Statistics 109
    Summary 133
    KEY TERMS 134
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 134
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 135
    WEB RESOURCES 136
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 136
    Chapter 5 Study Guide 137
6  Correlational Methods and Statistics 140
    Conducting Correlational Research 141
    Magnitude, Scatterplots, and Types of Relationships 142
    Misinterpreting Correlations 146
    Prediction and Correlation 150
    Statistical Analysis: Correlation Coefficients 151
    Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis 156
    Summary 158
    KEY TERMS 158
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 159
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 159
    WEB RESOURCES 160
    LAB RESOURCES 160
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 160
    Chapter 6 Study Guide 161
7  Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics 163
    Hypothesis Testing 164
    Single-Sample Research and Inferential Statistics 171
    The z Test: What It Is and What It Does 172
    Confidence Intervals Based on the z Distribution 182
    The t Test: What It Is and What It Does 184
    Confidence Intervals based on the t Distribution 189
    The Chi-Square (_2) Goodness-of-Fit Test: What It Is and What It Does 191
    Correlation Coefficients and Statistical Significance 193
    Summary 194
    KEY TERMS 195
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 195
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 197
    WEB RESOURCES 198
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 198
    Chapter 7 Study Guide 19
8  The Logic of Experimental Design 202
    Between-Participants Experimental Designs 203
    Correlated-Groups Designs 215
    Summary 220
    KEY TERMS 220
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 221
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 221
    WEB RESOURCES 221
    LAB RESOURCES 222
    Chapter 8 Study Guide 222
9  Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs 225
    Parametric Statistics 226
    t Test for Independent Groups (Samples): What It Is and What It Does 227
    t Test for Correlated Groups: What It Is and What It Does 234
    Nonparametric Tests 240
    Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test: What It Is and What It Does 240
    Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks T Test: What It Is and What It Does 242
    Chi-Square (_2) Test of Independence: What It Is and What It Does 245
    Summary 248
    KEY TERMS 248
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 248
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 250
    WEB RESOURCES 251
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 251
    Chapter 9 Study Guide 252
10 Experimental Designs with More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable 256
    Using Designs with More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable 257
    Analyzing the Multiple-Group Experiment Using Parametric Statistics 261
    Nonparametric Statistics for the Multiple-Group Experiment 282
    Summary 283
    KEY TERMS 283
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 283
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 285
    WEB RESOURCES 286
    LAB RESOURCES 286
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 286
    Chapter 10 Study Guide 287
11 Complex Experimental Designs 290
    Using Designs with More Than One Independent Variable 291
    Statistical Analysis of Complex Designs 298
    Summary 309
    KEY TERMS 310
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 310
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 311
    WEB RESOURCES 312
    LAB RESOURCES 313
    STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 313
    Chapter 11 Study Guide 313
12 Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs 316
    Conducting Quasi-Experimental Research 317
    Types of Quasi-Experimental Designs 320
    Internal Validity and Confounds in Quasi-Experimental Designs 325
    Statistical Analysis of Quasi-Experimental Designs 325
    Developmental Designs 326
    Conducting Single-Case Research 328
    Types of Single-Case Designs 329
    Summary 334
    KEY TERMS 335
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 335
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 335
    WEB RESOURCES 336
    LAB RESOURCES 336
    Chapter 12 Study Guide 336
13 APA Communication Guidelines 339
    Writing Clearly 340
    Avoiding Grammatical Problems 341
    Reporting Numbers 342
    Citing and Referencing 344
    Typing and Word Processing 346
    Organizing the Paper 346
    APA Formatting Checklist 351
    Conference Presentations 353
    Summary 354
    CHAPTER EXERCISES 354
    CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 354
    WEB RESOURCES 355
    Chapter 13 Study Guide 355
14 APA Sample Manuscript 357
Appendix A Statistical Tables 374
Appendix B Computational Formulas for ANOVAs 398
Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Chapter Exercises and
All Review Exercises 400
References 414
Glossary 416
Index 425

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