Research Methods and Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2009 oleh Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Australia adalah buku edisi Ketiga.
Judul: Research Methodsm and Statistics A Critical Thinking Approach
Oleh: Sherri L. Jackson
Penerbit: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Australia
Tahun: 2009
Jumlah Halaman: 449 hal.
Penulis:
Sherri L. Jackson adalah Profesor Psikologi di Jacksonville University, di mana dia telah mengajar sejak tahun 1988. Pada JU, dia telah memenangkan Beasiswa unggulan dan Penghargaan Layanan Universitas, Profesor universitas of the Year Award pada tahun 2004, Woman of the Year Award pada tahun 2005, dan Kelembagaan Excellence Award di tahun 2007. Dia menerima nya NONA. dan Ph.D. di kognitif / psikologi eksperimental dari University of Florida. kepentingan penelitiannya termasuk penalaran manusia dan ajaran psikologi. Dia telah menerbitkan banyak artikel di kedua daerah. Pada tahun 1997, ia menerima hibah penelitian dari Kantor Pengajaran Sumber di Psikologi (APA Divisi 2) untuk mengembangkan A Ringkasan Psikologi Pengantar buku pelajaran 1997-2000.
Dia juga penulis Statistik: Plain dan sederhana (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2005) dan Metode Penelitian: A Modular Pendekatan (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2008).
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini dimulai dengan bab tentang ilmu pengetahuan dan memulai dalam penelitian
(Bab 1 dan 2). masalah pengukuran dan metode deskriptif dan statistik kemudian ditutup, diikuti dengan metode korelasional dan statistik (Bab 3 sampai 6). pengujian hipotesis dan statistik inferensial diperkenalkan dalam Bab 7, diikuti oleh desain eksperimental dan sesuai statistik inferensial untuk menganalisis desain seperti (Bab 8 sampai 11). Final tiga bab hadir kuasi-eksperimental dan satu-kasus desain (Bab 12), pedoman APA menulis (Bab 13), dan naskah sampel APA (Bab 14).
Daftar Isi:
1 Thinking Like a Scientist 1
Areas of Psychological Research 3
Sources of Knowledge 6
The Scientific (Critical Thinking) Approach and Psychology 10
Basic and Applied Research 13
Goals of Science 14
An Introduction to Research Methods in Science 15
Doing Science 20
Proof and Disproof 21
The Research Process 22
Summary 23
KEY TERMS 23
CHAPTER EXERCISES 23
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 24
WEB RESOURCES 25
Chapter 1 Study Guide 25
2 Getting Started: Ideas, Resources, and Ethics 28
Selecting a Problem 29
Reviewing the Literature 30
Reading a Journal Article: What to Expect 36
Ethical Standards in Research with Human Participants 38
Ethical Standards in Research with Children 48
Ethical Standards in Research with Animals 48
Summary 52
KEY TERMS 53
CHAPTER EXERCISES 53
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 53
WEB RESOURCES 53
Chapter 2 Study Guide 54
3 Defining, Measuring, and Manipulating Variables 56
Defining Variables 57
Properties of Measurement 58
Scales of Measurement 59
Discrete and Continuous Variables 62
Types of Measures 62
Reliability 65
Validity 70
The Relationship Between Reliability and Validity 71
Summary 73
KEY TERMS 73
CHAPTER EXERCISES 73
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 74
WEB RESOURCES 74
Chapter 3 Study Guide 75
4 Descriptive Methods 78
Observational Methods 79
Case Study Method 85
Archival Method 85
Qualitative Methods 86
Survey Methods 87
Summary 98
KEY TERMS 98
CHAPTER EXERCISES 99
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 99
WEB RESOURCES 100
LAB RESOURCES 100
Chapter 4 Study Guide 100
5 Data Organization and Descriptive Statistics 103
Organizing Data 104
Descriptive Statistics 109
Summary 133
KEY TERMS 134
CHAPTER EXERCISES 134
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 135
WEB RESOURCES 136
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 136
Chapter 5 Study Guide 137
6 Correlational Methods and Statistics 140
Conducting Correlational Research 141
Magnitude, Scatterplots, and Types of Relationships 142
Misinterpreting Correlations 146
Prediction and Correlation 150
Statistical Analysis: Correlation Coefficients 151
Advanced Correlational Techniques: Regression Analysis 156
Summary 158
KEY TERMS 158
CHAPTER EXERCISES 159
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 159
WEB RESOURCES 160
LAB RESOURCES 160
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 160
Chapter 6 Study Guide 161
7 Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics 163
Hypothesis Testing 164
Single-Sample Research and Inferential Statistics 171
The z Test: What It Is and What It Does 172
Confidence Intervals Based on the z Distribution 182
The t Test: What It Is and What It Does 184
Confidence Intervals based on the t Distribution 189
The Chi-Square (_2) Goodness-of-Fit Test: What It Is and What It Does 191
Correlation Coefficients and Statistical Significance 193
Summary 194
KEY TERMS 195
CHAPTER EXERCISES 195
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 197
WEB RESOURCES 198
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 198
Chapter 7 Study Guide 19
8 The Logic of Experimental Design 202
Between-Participants Experimental Designs 203
Correlated-Groups Designs 215
Summary 220
KEY TERMS 220
CHAPTER EXERCISES 221
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 221
WEB RESOURCES 221
LAB RESOURCES 222
Chapter 8 Study Guide 222
9 Inferential Statistics: Two-Group Designs 225
Parametric Statistics 226
t Test for Independent Groups (Samples): What It Is and What It Does 227
t Test for Correlated Groups: What It Is and What It Does 234
Nonparametric Tests 240
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test: What It Is and What It Does 240
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks T Test: What It Is and What It Does 242
Chi-Square (_2) Test of Independence: What It Is and What It Does 245
Summary 248
KEY TERMS 248
CHAPTER EXERCISES 248
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 250
WEB RESOURCES 251
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 251
Chapter 9 Study Guide 252
10 Experimental Designs with More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable 256
Using Designs with More Than Two Levels of an Independent Variable 257
Analyzing the Multiple-Group Experiment Using Parametric Statistics 261
Nonparametric Statistics for the Multiple-Group Experiment 282
Summary 283
KEY TERMS 283
CHAPTER EXERCISES 283
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 285
WEB RESOURCES 286
LAB RESOURCES 286
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 286
Chapter 10 Study Guide 287
11 Complex Experimental Designs 290
Using Designs with More Than One Independent Variable 291
Statistical Analysis of Complex Designs 298
Summary 309
KEY TERMS 310
CHAPTER EXERCISES 310
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 311
WEB RESOURCES 312
LAB RESOURCES 313
STATISTICAL SOFTWARE RESOURCES 313
Chapter 11 Study Guide 313
12 Quasi-Experimental and Single-Case Designs 316
Conducting Quasi-Experimental Research 317
Types of Quasi-Experimental Designs 320
Internal Validity and Confounds in Quasi-Experimental Designs 325
Statistical Analysis of Quasi-Experimental Designs 325
Developmental Designs 326
Conducting Single-Case Research 328
Types of Single-Case Designs 329
Summary 334
KEY TERMS 335
CHAPTER EXERCISES 335
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 335
WEB RESOURCES 336
LAB RESOURCES 336
Chapter 12 Study Guide 336
13 APA Communication Guidelines 339
Writing Clearly 340
Avoiding Grammatical Problems 341
Reporting Numbers 342
Citing and Referencing 344
Typing and Word Processing 346
Organizing the Paper 346
APA Formatting Checklist 351
Conference Presentations 353
Summary 354
CHAPTER EXERCISES 354
CRITICAL THINKING CHECK ANSWERS 354
WEB RESOURCES 355
Chapter 13 Study Guide 355
14 APA Sample Manuscript 357
Appendix A Statistical Tables 374
Appendix B Computational Formulas for ANOVAs 398
Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Chapter Exercises and
All Review Exercises 400
References 414
Glossary 416
Index 425
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