Preventing Earthquake Disasters: The Grand Challege in Earthquake Engineering
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2003 Oleh National Academies Press, New York adalah buku edisi Pertama.
Judul: Preventing Earthquake Disasters: The Grand Challege in Earthquake Engineering
Oleh: A Research Agenda for the Network for
Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
Penerbit: National Academies Press, New York
Tahun: 2003
Jumlah Halaman: 193 hal.
Editor:
A Research Agenda for the Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini terdiri atas 6 Bab. Bab 1 memberikan gambaran singkat dari ancaman gempa bumi, bahwa kontribusi penelitian rekayasa gempa untuk mengurangi risiko, penjelasan singkat dari Nees, dan peran diantisipasi untuk Nees di penelitian masa depan. Bab 2 membahas isu-isu penelitian di tujuh topikal daerah (seismologi, tsunami, geoteknik, bangunan, jalur hidup, penilaian risiko, dan kebijakan publik) bahwa komite percaya adalah kunci untuk mencapai pencegahan bencana gempa. Bab 3 membahas Peran Nees dalam tantangan penelitian besar, menguraikan beberapa tantangan besar ide penelitian, dan menyajikan beberapa contoh bagaimana peralatan situs Nees dapat dikonfigurasi untuk melakukan penelitian kolaboratif als propos. Bab 4 membahas dampak dan kemungkinan peran potensi baru teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sehubungan dengan penelitian teknik gempa dan bagaimana teknologi baru dan berkembang akan mempengaruhi Nees. Bab 4 juga mempertimbangkan isu-isu yang terkait dengan teleobservation dan teleparticipation dalam penelitian, serta berbagi, pengarsipan, dan data mining. Bab 5 menyajikan penelitian komite Rencana. Bab 6 menyajikan kesimpulan keseluruhan komite dan rekomendasi spesifik tentang peran NSF dan Nees dalam mencegah bencana gempa.
Daftar Isi:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
1 PREVENTING DISASTERS: THE GRAND CHALLENGE FOR EARTHQUAKE
ENGINEERING RESEARCH 12
The Earthquake Hazard, 12
Earthquake Engineering Research, the National Science Foundation, and NEES, 14
Earthquake Research Centers, 14
The Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), 15
The Grand Challenge of Earthquake Engineering, 18
Earthquake Engineering Successes, 20
Incorporation of Current Seismic Standards in the Nation’s Building Codes, 20
Government/Industry Cooperation to Develop an Innovative Structural System, 22
Efforts to Improve the Resilience of Lifeline Infrastructure, 22
Performance-Based Seismic Design, 23
References, 25
2 ISSUES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH 26
Seismology, 28
Ground Motion, 28
Earthquake Sources, 29
Earthquake Simulation, 29
Path Effects, 30
Wave Effects, 31
Site Effects, 32
Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction, 32
Ground Motion Prediction, 33
Tsunamis, 34
Tsunami Generation, 34
Historical Impacts, 34
Tsunamis in Waiting, 36
Mitigation Measures, 37
Knowledge Gaps, 39
Geotechnical Engineering, 40
Soil Failure and Earthquake Damage, 40
Soil Improvement Measures, 43
Amplification of Ground Motion, 45
Buildings, 46
Prediction of the Seismic Capacity and Performance of Existing and New Buildings, 46
Evaluation of Nonstructural Systems, 48
Performance of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction Systems, 49
Determination of the Performance of Innovative Materials and Structures, 49
Lifelines, 50
Highways, Railroads, and Mass Transit Systems, 51
Ports and Air Transportation Systems, 53
Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Systems, 53
Communications, 54
Gas and Liquid-Fuel Systems, 54
Water and Sewage Systems, 55
Industrial Systems, 55
Risk Assessment, 56
Public Policy, 57
References, 60
3 NEES AND GRAND CHALLENGE RESEARCH 63
The Vision for NEES, 63
Grand Challenge Research, 67
Economical Methods for Retrofit of Existing Structures, 67
Cost-Effective Solutions to Mitigate Seismically Induced
Ground Failures Within Our Communities, 67
Full Suite of Standards for Affordable Performance-Based Seismic Design, 68
Convincing Loss Prediction Models to Guide Zoning and Land Use Decisions, 69
Continuous Operation of Critical Infrastructure Following Earthquakes, 70
Prediction and Mitigation Strategies for Coastal Areas Subject to Tsunamis, 70
The NEES Contribution to Grand Challenge Research, 71
Some Examples of Possible NEES Involvement in Meeting the Grand Challenge, 71
Characterizing Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction, 71
Predicting Building Response to Damaging Earthquakes, 77
Framing Public Policy Discussions, 80
The Promise of NEES, 82
References, 83
4 REVOLUTIONIZING EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH THROUGH
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 84
Foundations for NEES, 88
Collaborative Environments and Directions, 89
Managing, Curating, and Sharing Data, 91
Beyond Experimentation: Simulation, Data Analysis, Visualization, and Knowledge Systems, 95
Building Community, 98
Education and Outreach, 98
References, 99
5 ACHIEVING THE GRAND CHALLENGE: A RESEARCH PLAN FOR NEES 102
Basis for Planning, 102
The Research Plan for NEES, 103
Stakeholder Involvement in Developing the Research Plan, 105
Goals for Research, 106
Seismology, 106
Tsunamis, 107
Geotechnical Engineering, 109
Buildings, 111
Lifelines, 112
Risk Assessment, 113
Public Policy, 115
Expected Benefits of the NEES Research Plan, 116
Seismology, 116
Tsunamis, 116
Geotechnical Engineering, 116
Buildings, 117
Lifelines, 117
Risk Assessment, 117
Public Policy, 118
Implementing the Research Plan, 118
The NEES Business Model, 118
A Stakeholder-Inclusive Process for Guiding NEES Research, 120
Securing Society Against Catastrophic Earthquake Losses, 121
Funding for NEES, 121
References, 123
6 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGE 124
APPENDIXES
A The George E. Brown, Jr., Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation 135
B Biographies of Committee Members 148
C Time Line of Precipitating Events, Discoveries, and Improvements in Earthquake
Engineering, 1811-2004 156
D Agendas for the Committee’s Public Meetings 167
E The Stakeholder Forum 171
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