Oil in the sea III Inputs, Fates, and Effects
Buku Ini diterbitkan tahun 2002 THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. adalah buku edisi Pertama.
Judul: Oil in the sea III Inputs, Fates, and Effects
Oleh: Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects
Penerbit: THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C.
Tahun: 2002
Jumlah Halaman: 278 hal.
Penulis:
Committee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini merupakan Laporan ini dan panitia yang didukung oleh hibah dari Dinas Pengelolaan Mineral, American Petroleum Institute, Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan, US Geological Survey, Departemen Energi, US Coast Guard, Samudera Industries Association Nasional, Angkatan Laut AS, dan National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Pandangan yang dikemukakan penulis
dan tidak mencerminkan pandangan dari para sponsor.
Daftar isi:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 5
1 Introduction 7
2 Understanding the Risk 19
II. UNDERSTANDING INPUTS, FATES, AND EFFECTS IN DETAIL 63
3 Input of Oil to the Sea 65
4 Behavior and Fate of Oil 89
5 Biological Effects of Oil Releases 119
References 159
III. APPENDIXES 183
A Committee and Staff Biographies 185
B Definitions and Conversions 189
C Natural Seepage of Crude Oil into the Marine Environment 191
D Oil and Gas Extraction 193
E Inputs of Petroleum Hydrocarbons into the Oceans Due to Transportation Activities 203
F Inputs into the Sea from Recreational Marine Vessels 219
G Spills from Coastal Facilities 221
H Atmospheric Deposition and Air-Sea Exchange of Petroleum Hydrocarbons to the
Ocean 223
I Estimating Land-Based Sources of Oil in the Sea 233
J Methods Used to Estimate PAH Loadings to the Marine Environment 253
K Regulatory Framework 255
INDEX 259
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