The Philosopher’s Way A Text With Readings: Thinking Critically about Profound Ideas
Buku ini diterbitkan tahun 2013 oleh Pearson, Boston adalah buku edisi Keempat.
Judul: The Philosopher’s Way A Text With Readings: Thinking Critically about Profound Ideas
Oleh: John Caffee
Penerbit: Pearson, Boston
Tahun: 2013
Jumlah Halaman: 705 hal.
Penulis:.
John Chaffee, Ph.D., adalah Profesor Filsafat di Universitas Kota New York, di mana ia telah mengembangkan Filsafat dan Program Berpikir Kritis yang setiap tahun melibatkan tiga puluh fakultas dan 4.500 siswa. Dia diakui di bidang Berpikir Kritis, setelah menulis buku terkemuka pelajaran seperti Berpikir Kritis, serta banyak artikel profesional. Dia mengembangkan program untuk mengajarkan orang untuk berpikir lebih efektif di semua subyek akademik dan bidang kehidupan, ia telah menerima hibah dari National Endowment untuk Humaniora, Ford Foundation, Annenberg Foundation, dan Corporation untuk Penyiaran Publik. Dia terpilih sebagai New York Educator of the Year (1992) dan menerima Penghargaan untuk Distinguished Faculty Award for Diversity in Teaching in Higher Education (1998).
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini mengemukakan secara luas di antaranya "Tahapan dalam Berpikir Kritis" menyediakan kerangka kerja untuk memandu siswa menuju menjadi pemikir kritis canggih. Bagian ini "Kriteria untuk Mengevaluasi Teori filosofis" melengkapi siswa dengan sebuah rubrik penilaian untuk mengevaluasi secara kritis poin filosofis pandang. Bab 2 bagian "Hesiod, Homer, dan Kelahiran Filsafat" dan membaca "The Axial Periode" oleh Karl Jaspers memberikan siswa dengan sejarah konteks untuk pengembangan pemikiran filosofis. Perspektif ini diperkaya dengan pengobatan diperluas dari "pra-Socrates" pemikir di Bab 5. Dalam Bab 7, pengobatan masalah kejahatan dalam agama telah diperdalam oleh dimasukkannya pembacaan oleh JL Mackie "Jahat Menunjukkan Belum Ada Tuhan" dan Edward Madden dan Peter Kelinci "Kritik dari Hick Teodise." Bekerja Kontemporer dalam filsafat telah disorot dalam Bab 3, di bagian seperti "Fungsionalisme" di mana esai oleh Jerry Fodor, "Pikiran / Tubuh Masalah "dan Richard Brown," Isu Kontemporer di Filsafat Pikiran " memperkenalkan siswa untuk tren saat ini dan kontroversi dalam filsafat hari ini.
Daftar Isi:
Preface xviii
what is philosophy?
THINKING PHILOSOPHICALLY ABOUT LIFE 3
1.1 Why Study Philosophy? 4
1.2 Defining Philosophy 6
1.3 Thinking Philosophically: Becoming a Critical Thinker 9
1.4 Understanding Arguments 21
1.5 Branches of Philosophy 30
1.6 Reading Critically: Working with Primary Sources 37
1.7 Making Connections: The Search for a Meaningful Life 41
visual summary 46
chapter review 46
for further reading, viewing & research 46
what is the philosopher’s way?
SOCRATES AND THE EXAMINED LIFE 49
2.1 Socrates: A Model for Humanity 50
2.2 The Socratic Method 61
2.3 Socrates’ Central Concern: The Soul 68
2.4 The Trial and Death of Socrates 72
2.5 Making Connections: Socrates’ Legacy 90
visual summary 98
chapter review 98
for further reading, viewing & research 98
who are you?
CONSCIOUSNESS, IDENTITY, AND THE SELF 101
3.1 Know Thyself? 102
3.2 The Soul Is Immortal: Socrates and Plato 103
3.3 St. Augustine’s Synthesis of Plato and Christianity 109
3.4 Descartes’ Modern Perspective on the Self 111
3.5 The Self Is Consciousness: Locke 119
3.6 There Is No Self: Hume 123
3.7 We Construct the Self: Kant 126
3.8 The Self Is Multilayered: Freud 131
3.9 The Self Is How You Behave: Ryle 137
3.10 The Self Is the Brain: Physicalism 143
3.11 The Self Is Embodied Subjectivity: Husserl and Merleau-Ponty 155
3.12 Buddhist Concepts of Self 159
3.13 Making Connections: In Search of the Self 161
visual summary 168
chapter review 168
for further reading, viewing & research 168
are you free?
FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM 171
4.1 Are You the Master of Your Fate? 172
4.2 Determinism 176
4.3 Compatibilism 185
4.4 Indeterminism and Libertarianism 193
4.5 A Feminist Analysis of Freedom 213
4.6 Making Connections: Creating a Synthesis 217
visual summary 224
chapter review 224
for further reading, viewing & research 224
how can we know the nature of reality?
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS 227
5.1 What Is the Nature of Reality? 228
5.2 Reality Is the Eternal Realm of the Forms: Plato 239
5.3 Reality Is the Natural World: Aristotle 249
5.4 Can Reality Be Known? Descartes 256
5.5 Making Connections: Your Beliefs About the World 268
visual summary 278
chapter review 278
for further reading, viewing & research 278
what is real? what is true?
FURTHER EXPLORATIONS 281
6.1 Questioning Independent Reality 282
6.2 All Knowledge Comes from Experience: Locke 287
6.3 Reality Depends on Perception: Berkeley 300
6.4 Understanding Reality Demands Skepticism: Hume 305
6.5 We Constitute Our World: Kant 315
6.6 Emotions Shape Our Understanding: Jaggar 336
6.7 Making Connections: Developing Informed Beliefs 345
visual summary 348
chapter review 348
for further reading, viewing & research 348
is there a spiritual reality?
EXPLORING THE PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 351
7.1 Thinking Philosophically About Religious Beliefs 352
7.2 What Is Religion? 355
7.3 A Brief Survey of World Religions 367
7.4 Can We Prove the Existence of God? 376
7.5 The Problem of Evil 388
7.6 Faith and Religious Experience 401
7.7 Making Connections: Reflections on the Philosophy of Religion 422
visual summary 424
chapter review 424
for further reading, viewing & research 424
are there moral truths?
THINKING ABOUT ETHICS 427
8.1 Your Moral Compass 428
8.2 Ethical Relativism 435
8.3 Ethical Absolutism: Some Moral Values Are Universal 445
8.4 Egoism as a Universal Principle 454
8.5 Religion and Universal Values 466
8.6 Making Connections: On Becoming an Ethical Person 474
visual summary 478
chapter review 478
for further reading, viewing & research 478
what are right actions?
CONSTRUCTING AN ETHICAL THEORY 481
9.1 Expanding Your Knowledge of Moral Philosophy 482
9.2 Character: Virtue Ethics 482
9.3 Maxims: Duty to Moral Laws 493
9.4 Consequences: Utilitarianism 506
9.5 Authenticity: Existentialist Ethics 523
9.6 Empathy: The Ethics of Care 545
9.7 Making Connections: Your Moral Compass Revisited 549
visual summary 552
chapter review 552
for further reading, viewing & research 552
what is social justice?
CREATING A JUST STATE 555
10.1 Elements of a Just Society 556
10.2 Classical Theories of Society: Confucius, Plato, and Aristotle 558
10.3 Justice Depends on a Social Contract: From Hobbes and Locke to Rawls 568
10.4 Justice Is Based on Need and Ability: Marx and Engels 587
10.5 Justice Is What Promotes the General Welfare: Mill 597
10.6 Justice Is What Promotes Gender Equality: Okin 605
10.7 Making Connections: An Ideal Society 614
visual summary 624
chapter review 624
for further reading, viewing & research 624
Credits 626
Index 639
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