Conformity and Conflict Reading in Cultural Antropology Fourteenth Edition
Buku ini diterbitkan pertama kali pada tahun 2012 oleh Pearson Education, Inc. adalah buku edisi Empatbelas
Judul: Conformity and Conflict Reading in Cultural Antropology
Fourteenth Edition
Oleh: James Spradley, et al
Penerbit: Pearson Education, Inc.
Tahun: 2012
Jumlah Halaman: 428 hal.
Penulis:
JAMES SPRADLEY
DAVID W. MCCURDY
Macalester College
Lingkup Pembahasan:
Buku ini terdiri atas 40 Bab. Yang baru dalam edisi ini meliputi:
• Ada delapan artikel baru, dan dua pilihan telah dibawa kembali dari edisi sebelumnya.
• Lima artikel ditemukan dalam edisi ketiga belas juga telah direvisi dan diperbarui.
• Empat dari delapan artikel baru telah ditulis terutama untuk edisi keempat belas membuat empat belas
artikel asli sama sekali.
• Bagian 2, Bahasa dan Komunikasi, telah direvisi untuk memasukkan definisi dan diskusi dari dua
konsep baru, metafora dan framing simbolik. Ini juga termasuk artikel baru pada kebangkitan
hipotesis Sapir-Whorf oleh linguis, Guy Deutscher.
• Bagian 3, Subsistence dan Ekologi, berisi artikel baru membandingkan Eskimo berburu pengetahuan
untuk struktur penyelidikan ilmiah. Ini juga mencakup artikel oleh Jared Diamond tentang asal-usul
dan penyebaran penyakit yang dibawa kerumunan kembali dari edisi sebelumnya. Artikel Richard
Reed Pembangunan Hutan diperbarui.
• Bagian 6, Identitas, Peran, dan Grup, berisi dua artikel baru. Yang pertama, pilihan asli oleh Brenda
Mann, melihat bagaimana internet digunakan oleh pengusaha dan pencari kerja untuk membentuk
dan identitas pekerjaan ini. Yang kedua, oleh Lila Abu-Lughod mendesak wanita Amerika untuk
bekerja bagi keadilan di dunia, tidak menyimpan perempuan Muslim mengenakan burqa. Dianna
Shandy dan Karine Artikel Moe diperbarui untuk mencerminkan tren terbaru dalam keputusan
perempuan tentang pekerjaan dan keluarga.
• Bagian 9, Globalisasi, sekarang termasuk pilihan asli oleh Arjun Guneratne dan Kate Bjork pariwisata
dari sudut pandang asli di Nepal, dan membawa lain kembali dari edisi sebelumnya oleh Theodore
Bestor tentang dampak dunia sushi. Artikel Dianna Shandy mengenai pengungsi juga telah diperbarui
untuk mencerminkan baru-baru ini memilih kemerdekaan di Sudan Selatan.
• Bagian 10, Budaya Perubahan dan Terapan Antropologi, dimulai dengan sebuah artikel pada masalah
Peace Corps di Botswanna oleh Hoyt Alverson. Hal ini diikuti oleh baru Artikel asli oleh antropolog
medis, Ron Barrett, tentang sifat kusta dan stigmatisasi di Banaras (Varanasi) India Utara, dan satu lagi
Artikel asli oleh Rachael Stryker antropologi kepentingan umum di tempat kerja dalam
studi tentang narapidana perempuan pelayanan kesehatan diberikan dalam dua Penjara California.
Daftar Isi:
World Map and Geographical Placement of Readings inside cover
Preface xiii
ONE Culture and Ethnography 1
1 Ethnography and Culture 6
JAMES P. SPRADLEY
To discover culture, the ethnographer must learn from the informant as a student.
2 Eating Christmas in the Kalahari 13
RICHARD BORSHAY LEE
The “generous” gift of a Christmas ox involves the anthropologist in a classic case of cross-cultural
misunderstanding.
3 Fieldwork on Prostitution in the Era of AIDS 20
CLAIRE E. STERK
Fieldwork among urban prostitutes means doing ethnography under difficult but, in the end,
manageable circumstances.
4 Nice Girls Don’t Talk to Rastas 31
GEORGE GMELCH
Interaction between a U.S. student and a Rastafarian illustrates the destructive power of naïve realism
in the fieldwork setting.
TWO Language and Communication 37
5 Shakespeare in the Bush 41
LAURA BOHANNAN
Cross-cultural communication breaks down when an anthropologist attempts to translate the meaning
of Hamlet to the Tiv.
6 Whorf Revisited: You Are What You Speak 49
GUY DEUTSCHER
New evidence supports Benjamin Lee Whorf’s contention that peoples’ mother tongue can shape
their experience of the world.
7 Manipulating Meaning: The Military Name Game 57
SARAH BOXER
To frame the meaning of its military operations, U.S. armed forces try to name them positively without
offending anyone.
8 Conversation Style: Talking on the Job 61
DEBORAH TANNEN
On the job, men and women use distinctive conversation styles to ask for help, leading them to
evaluate performance and character differently.
THREE Ecology and Subsistence 69
9 The Hunters: Scarce Resources in the Kalahari 73
RICHARD BORSHAY LEE
!Kung and other foragers traditionally worked less and ate better than many other people with more
“advanced” food producing techniques. Today, however, their survival depends more on drilling
wells and keeping cattle than on collecting wild foods.
10 Eskimo Science 87
RICHARD NELSON
The knowledge developed by Eskimos to hunt successfully contains the same basic principles that
underlie a more formally structured scientific method.
11 Domestication and the Evolution of Disease 93
JARED DIAMOND
Herd animal diseases that evolved to infect humans have ended up killing millions of people in the
old and new world.
12 Forest Development the Indian Way 105
RICHARD K. REED
South American governments could learn much about tropical forest development from the Amazonian
Indians who live there.
FOUR Economic Systems 115
13 Reciprocity and the Power of Giving 119
LEE CRONK
Gifts not only function to tie people together, they may also be used to “flatten” an opponent and
control the behavior of others.
14 Poverty at Work: Office Employment and the Crack Alternative 125
PHILIPPE BOURGOIS
Poor, uneducated Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem feel that the risks they run selling drugs
are preferable to the disrespect they encounter as low-wage employees in New York’s financial and
service companies.
15 Cocaine and the Economic Deterioration of Bolivia 136
JACK WEATHERFORD
The world market for cocaine robs Bolivian villages of their men and causes problems for health,
nutrition, transportation, and family.
16 Malawi versus the World Bank 145
SONIA PATTEN
Malawi government’s successful state subsidized fertilizer program challenges the World Bank and
IMF’s insistence on market-driven agricultural programs.
FIVE Kinship and Family 151
17 Mother’s Love: Death without Weeping 155
NANCY SCHEPER-HUGHES
Close mother-child bonds suffered in the presence of high infant mortality in a Brazilian shantytown
although recent changes have reduced the problem to some degree.
18 Family and Kinship in Village India 165
DAVID W. MCCURDY
Kinship still organizes the lives of Bhil villagers despite economic opportunities that draw people away
from the community and dependence on relatives.
19 Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife 172
MELVYN C. GOLDSTEIN
By jointly marrying one woman, Tibetan brothers preserve family resources and the “good life.”
20 Uterine Families and the Women’s Community 179
MARGERY WOLF
To succeed in a traditional patrilineal family, a Chinese woman had to create her own informal uterine
family inside her husband’s household.
SIX Identity, Roles, and Groups 185
21 You@Work: Jobs, Identity, and the Internet 189
BRENDA MANN
Topday’s U.S. job mobility requires “branding” one’s identity through careful use of the Internet.
22 The Opt-Out Phenomenon: Women, Work, and Identity in America 197
DIANNA SHANDY AND KARINE MOE
Why were young, educated professional women leaving high-paying jobs for a life at home and
what difference has today’s tough economy made?
23 Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? 208
LILA ABU-LUGHOD
Americans should work for justice in the world, not save Muslim women from wearing burqas or
following their Islamic religion.
24 Mixed Blood 217
JEFFERSON M. FISH
A woman can change her race from black to “brunette” by taking a plane from New York to Brazil.
SEVEN Law and Politics 227
25 Cross-Cultural Law: The Case of the Gypsy Offender 230
ANNE SUTHERLAND
Legal cultures clash when a young Gypsy is convicted of using someone else’s social security number
to apply for a car loan.
26 Life without Chiefs 238
MARVIN HARRIS
Small societies based on reciprocal and redistributive economic exchange can do without officials.
27 The Founding Indian Fathers 246
JACK WEATHERFORD
Although their contribution goes unrecognized, Indian, especially Iroquoian, political structure may
have served as a model that helped to produce a United States federal government.
EIGHT Religion, Magic, and World View 255
28 Taraka’s Ghost 260
STANLEY A. FREED AND RUTH S. FREED
A woman relieves her anxiety and gains family support when a friend’s ghost possesses her.
29 Baseball Magic 266
GEORGE GMELCH
American baseball players from the game’s introduction to today employ magical practices as they try
to deal with the uncertainty of their game.
30 Run for the Wall: An American Pilgrimage 275
JILL DUBISCH
An annual ritual motorcycle pilgrimage from Los Angles to Washington, DC personally transforms
the Vietnam veterans and others who ride in it.
31 Body Ritual among the Nacirema 287
HORACE MINER
The Nacirema display a complex array of body rituals aimed at achieving health and beauty.
NINE Globalization 293
32 How Sushi Went Global 296
THEODORE C. BESTOR
International interdependence between tuna fishermen and sushi as a Japanese culinary style becomes
popular in a globalized world.
33 Village Walks: Tourism and Globalization among the Tharu of Nepal 306
ARJUN GUNERATNE AND KATE BJORK
Advertised as a primitive tribe, Tharu villagers endure tours that falsely treat them as part of the
Chitwan National Forest’s natural history and have responded by building a museum to separate
their past from the present.
34 The Road to Refugee Resettlement 316
DIANNA SHANDY
Nuer refugees must develop the skill and determination to pass through a series of bureaucratic
hurdles to reach and adjust to life in the United States.
35 Global Women in the New Economy 325
BARBARA EHRENREICH AND ARLIE RUSSELL HOCHSCHILD
Millions of women migrate from poor to wealthy nations serving as nannies, maids, and sex workers.
They send money home but find it hard to separate from their countries and families.
TEN Culture Change and Applied Anthropology 335
36 Advice for Developers: Peace Corps Problems in Botswana 340
HOYT S. ALVERSON
An anthropologist discovers why some Peace Corps volunteers fail to complete their assignments
in rural Botswana, citing perceptions of their role and naïve realism as the basic problems.
37 Medical Anthropology: Leprosy on the Ganges 351
RON BARRETT
Indians who contract leprosy find themselves stigmatized for life, causing them to delay treatment
or amplify symptoms to enhance begging.
38 Public Interest Ethnography: Women’s Prisons and Health Care in California 359
RACHAEL STRYKER
Student ethnographers uncover institutional health care problems at two women’s prisons in California
and suggest changes that result in a revision of state policy.
39 Using Anthropology 371
DAVID W. MCCURDY
Professional anthropologists do everything from ethnographies of automobile production lines to
famine relief, but even the neophyte may be able to use the ideas of culture and ethnography to succeed
in the workplace.
40 Career Advice for Anthropology Undergraduates 382
JOHN T. OMOHUNDRO
The ability to translate useful anthropological skills into “resume speak” is one way for anthropology
graduates to find employment.
Glossary 391
Photo Credits 397
Text Credits 399
Index 403
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